Mixed papillary transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of three cases.

Although tumors consisting of a combination of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and adenocarcinoma have been described in the endometrium, they have not been documented in the uterine cervix to our knowledge. Three such cervical cases are reported in this article. Three patients, whose ages ranged from 40 to 61 years, presented with vaginal bleeding and malignant cells on routine Papanicolaou smears. The initial diagnoses based on a biopsy specimen were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in two patients and adenocarcinoma with a solid component in the third patient. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy. The hysterectomy specimens each contained a polypoid endocervical mass with minimal invasion of the cervical stroma. On microscopic examination, each tumor consisted of a component of papillary TCC admixed with an adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type. Both carcinomatous components were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 but not CK20. The three patients were alive and disease-free from 10 months to 4 years postoperatively. Recognition of this unusual variant of cervical carcinoma is important to delineate its clinical and pathologic features and establish prognostic differences, if any, from other histologic subtypes of cervical carcinoma. Papillary TCC mixed with adenocarcinoma broadens the morphologic spectrum of transitional cell neoplasms of the uterine cervix.     

腹腔镜下精索血管高位离断后大鼠睾丸的形态学改变

目的观察腹腔镜FowlerStephens(FS)手术对青春发育前、中、后期睾丸形态结构的影响。方法30d龄Wistar大鼠麻醉后建立CO2气腹,分别行右侧精索血管游离术(对照组)、右侧腹腔内精索血管离断术(FS组),术后将每大组大鼠再分成7个小组(对照组每小组5只;FS组每小组8～12只),分别在术后第9d(青春发育期前)、20d和45d(青春发育期)、90d和180d(性发育成熟期)、360d和540d(中年期),获取睾丸进行详尽的组织形态学研究。结果FS手术可以引起术后不同时期共85%手术侧睾丸出现轻度(血睾屏障受损为主)、重度(唯支持细胞综合征为主)和完全萎缩(丧失睾丸基本结构,无生殖细胞存活);当轻度或重度萎缩,对侧睾丸未受累;当完全萎缩(49%),对侧睾丸在手术45d后,100%出现轻度(青春发育期后)或重度(中年期)萎缩;间质细胞增生或腺瘤可发生于轻、重和完全萎缩睾丸中(P<0.001)。结论腹腔镜FS动物模型可用幼年大鼠建立;该手术可以引起从青春发育前期至中年期较高比例、不同程度的睾丸萎缩,其中完全萎缩可以影响到对(健)侧睾丸,而可能引起青春发育期后生殖力下降或丧失;睾丸间质肿瘤可以较高比例地发生于不同程度萎缩睾丸中。     

Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation

Heterozygous familial or sporadic GATA2 mutations cause a multifaceted disorder, encompassing susceptibility to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, autoimmunity, lymphoedema and malignancy. Although often healthy in childhood, carriers of defective GATA2 alleles develop progressive loss of mononuclear cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, B and Natural Killer lymphocytes), elevated FLT3 ligand, and a 90% risk of clinical complications, including progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by 60 years of age. Premature death may occur from childhood due to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, solid malignancy and MDS/acute myeloid leukaemia. GATA2 mutations include frameshifts, amino acid substitutions, insertions and deletions scattered throughout the gene but concentrated in the region encoding the two zinc finger domains. Mutations appear to cause haplo‐insufficiency, which is known to impair haematopoietic stem cell survival in animal models. Management includes genetic counselling, prevention of infection, cancer surveillance, haematopoietic monitoring and, ultimately, stem cell transplantation upon the development of MDS or another life‐threatening complication.     

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the parotid gland: case report and literature review

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm arising from the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. We report a case of IDCS occurring in a 69-year-old man who presented to an outside institution with a painless mass in his right parotid gland for several months. He presented to our institution after undergoing a superficial parotidectomy. A diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasm, favoring poorly differentiated carcinoma, was made at that time. He underwent a total parotidectomy and neck dissection at our institution. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of atypical spindle cells involving the parotid gland and an ipsilateral level III lymph node. Immunophenotypic analysis demonstrated positive staining for S100, fascin, vimentin, and HLA-II. Follicular dendritic cell, lymphoid, epithelial, myoepithelial, and melanoma markers were negative. Taken together, the above features were consistent with IDCS. An IDCS of the parotid gland is extremely rare, with only 2 cases reported in the literature. The unusual location and morphological similarity to follicular dendritic sarcoma and other types of soft tissue sarcomas can be a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of this tumor and the use of appropriate markers are crucial in making the diagnosis. The patient did well postoperatively, and he underwent a complete course of postoperative irradiation to the right parotid and neck.