CYP3A4＊1G基因多态性与比索洛尔药动学关系的研究

目的：研究C Y P3A4＊1G基因多态性对健康志愿者体内比索洛尔药动学的影响。方法：采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法分析CYP3A4＊1G基因型。24名健康志愿者分为CC、CT、TT三组;受试者单剂量口服5mg富马酸比索洛尔片后,采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,用3P97程序的一房室模型作药动学参数估算。结果：CC、CT、TT三种基因型受试者之间主要药动学参数t1/2,Cmax及AUC0-32分别为（7.79±1.57）、（7.49±0.77）、（7.88±1.21）h;（37.23±4.00）、（38.33±8.94）、（39.51±6.55）μ g/L;（386.42±91.49）,（375.53±84.51）,（406.24±87.24）μ g·h/L,通过t检验,三种基因型受试者之间的主要药动学参数差异没有显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：比索洛尔药动学在个体间的差异与CYP3A4＊1G基因型没有相关性。     

Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Long‐Term Follow‐Up Results

AF Ablation in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease . Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in patients with moderate valvular heart disease (VHD). Methods: In total, 534 consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation were enrolled. Patients with a history of valve surgery or other structural heart disease were excluded. Patients with clinically moderate VHD (group‐1, n = 45) were compared with those without VHD (control group‐2, n = 436). Ipsilateral pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) was performed with a double Lasso technique in all the patients. Left atrial (LA) linear ablation was undertaken in persistent AF patients, if AF was inducible after PVAI. Results: Patients in group‐1 were significantly older and had a larger LA. PVAI was successfully achieved in all the patients. Patients in group‐1 received LA linear ablation more frequently during the index procedure. After a median of 26 months from the index procedure, the freedom from AF was significantly lower in group‐1 than group‐2 off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) (47% vs 69%, P = 0.002). Although there were more number of total procedures in group‐1 than group‐2, the freedom from AF was lower at median 24 months after the last procedure (78% vs 87%, P = 0.038). There was no significant difference in the freedom from AF on AADs (91% vs 95%, P = 0.356) or complication rate between the 2 groups. Atrial tachycardia following the index procedure was observed more frequently in group‐1 (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The patients with VHD undergoing AF ablation are less likely to remain in sinus rhythm at long term without AADs than those without VHD. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1193‐1198, November 2010)     

Electrophysiological Characteristics of Localized Reentrant Atrial Tachycardia Occurring After Catheter Ablation of Long-Lasting Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Mapping of recurrent atrial tachycardia (AT) after extensive ablation for long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is complex. We sought to describe the electrophysiological characteristics of localized reentry occurring after ablation of long-lasting persistent AF.
Methods: Out of 70 patients undergoing catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent AF, 9 patients (13%, 55 ± 8 years, 8 males) in whom localized reentry was demonstrated in a repeat ablation were studied. Localized reentry was defined as reentry in which the circuit was localized to a small area and did not have a central obstacle. The mechanism of AT was determined by electroanatomical and entrainment mapping.
Results: Nine localized reentries with cycle length of 243 ± 41 ms were mapped in 9 patients. The location of AT was the left atrial appendage in 4 patients, anterior left atrium in 2, left septum in 2, and mitral isthmus in 1. In all ATs, a critical isthmus of <10 mm in width was identified in the vicinity of the prior linear lesions or ostia of isolated pulmonary veins. Ablation of the critical isthmus, which was characterized by continuous low-voltage activity (median voltage: 0.15 mV, mean duration: 117 ± 31 ms), terminated AT and rendered it noninducible. Additionally, ablation was performed for all of inducible ATs. At 11 ± 7 months after the procedure, 8 of 9 patients (89%) were free from any arrhythmias.
Conclusions: After ablation of long-lasting persistent AF, localized reentry may arise from a site in the vicinity of the prior ablation lesions. Ablation of the critical isthmus eliminates the arrhythmia.     

Longitudinal change in muscle and fat thickness in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

Aim  In a prospective, longitudinal study, we investigated the influence of the severity of motor impairment on changes in body characteristics in children with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy (CP).
Method  Twenty-six single children and adolescents (15 females, 11 males; mean age 10y 6mo, SD 3y 3mo) with spastic (quadriplegia, hemiplegia, or diplegia), athetotic, or hypotonic CP at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III to V participated. They were categorized into moderate (GMFCS levels III or IV, n =11) and severe (GMFCS level V, n =15) groups. Muscle thickness of the quadriceps femoris (MTQ) and fat thickness of the anterior thigh (FTA) measured using ultrasound images, together with weight and height, were obtained at annual measurements over 3 years.
Results  Significant increases in all variables were found in both groups. The areas under the curve (AUCs: an index of the gain) for weight, MTQ, and FTA were significantly higher in the moderate group. The AUC for weight, adjusted for height, was significantly correlated with the AUC for MTQ in the moderate group, and with the AUC for FTA in the severe group.
Interpretation  Weight gain in children with severe CP does not necessarily reflect muscle growth.