全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1134篇 |
免费 | 70篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 9篇 |
儿科学 | 20篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 186篇 |
口腔科学 | 9篇 |
临床医学 | 82篇 |
内科学 | 146篇 |
皮肤病学 | 70篇 |
神经病学 | 75篇 |
特种医学 | 97篇 |
外科学 | 88篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
一般理论 | 15篇 |
预防医学 | 62篇 |
眼科学 | 85篇 |
药学 | 146篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 100篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 66篇 |
2013年 | 64篇 |
2012年 | 77篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 77篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1219条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Man Bok Jeong Kristina Narfström Shin Ae Park Je Min Chae Kang Moon Seo 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》2009,119(2):79-88
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of three different anesthetic combinations on the electroretinogram
in the same animals under similar laboratory conditions. Thiopental–isoflurane (TI), medetomidine–ketamine (MK), and xylazine–ketamine
(XK) were used on each of 12 healthy miniature schnauzer dogs (MS) with a period of at least 3 weeks in between subsequent
anesthesia protocols, using the Dog Standard Protocol. The scotopic ERGs consisted of scotopic low stimulus strength (S) responses
designated S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after dark adaptation, respectively, and scotopic standard
stimulus strength (S-ST) responses. The photopic ERGs consisted of a photopic single flash (P) response and 31 Hz flicker
(P-FL) responses. For S-ST (2.5 cd s/m2), the amplitude of the a-wave using TI was significantly lower than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.05) and XK (adjusted P = 0.03), and the implicit time of the a-wave was significantly shorter than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.04). For P (2.5 cd s/m2), the amplitude of the b-wave using XK was significantly higher than that using MK (adjusted P = 0.01). The implicit times of the b-wave using TI was significantly longer and shorter than that of MK for S1, S2 and P-FL
and for S4 and S-ST, respectively, and than that of XK for S2 and P-FL and for S5 and S-ST, respectively. The results of the
present study showed that TI affected both the amplitude and the implicit time of the a-wave for S-ST and the implicit time
of the b-wave relatively more so than was the case when using XK or MK. Therefore, it appears that either XK or MK could be
advantageous to use rather than TI for clinical studies. 相似文献
2.
Jung Han Kim Sang Jun Lee Young Bok Han Jung Jo Moon Jong Bae Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1994,17(2):115-118
This paper describes the isolation of isoguanosine from Croton tiglium L. and its cytotoxic effect against several tumor cell lines in culture and newly reports that isoguanosine has an antitumor activity against implanted S-180 ascitic tumor mice. Isoguanosine is effective at the dose of 24 mg/kg/day x 5, with T/C value of 168%. Isoguanosine inhibits the growth of S-180 and Ehrlich solid tumor in mice at the optimal doses of 96 mg/kg/day x 12 and 48 mg/kg/day x 12, with 1-T/C values of 65% and 60%, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Kyung Bok Lee Jong Sig Kim Sang Tae Kwak Wonbo Sim Jong Hwan Kwak Yeong Shik Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1998,21(5):555-558
Chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated
chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. By the action
of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose (ΔDi-OS), 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-4S) were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion
of ΔDi-OS/ΔDi-6S/ΔDi-4S was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation
assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant. 相似文献
4.
INTRODUCTION: The increasing shortage of cadaveric organs makes living-related liver transplantation a more and more important option. Safety for the donor has the highest priority, and therefore detailed and thorough evaluation is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All potential donors who had been evaluated at our center from January 2001 to March 2002 ( n=100) were included in a retrospective study to analyse the qualitative, logistical, and economic aspects of the evaluation. RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of the potential donors were found to be unsuitable for living donation during the evaluation process. The main reasons were: uncompatible blood group, availability of cadaveric transplant by Eurotransplant, steatosis of more than 10% of hepatocytes in liver biopsy, insufficient liver volume, and psychosocial reasons. The expenditure for all scheduled investigations was 4,469 euro for a complete evaluation. CONCLUSION: While on the one hand, high standards of the evaluation process must be guaranteed, insufficient reimbursement on the other should not lead centers to reduce either quantity or quality of necessary examinations entered in the evaluation protocol. 相似文献
5.
Bum Soon Choi Mi Jung Shin Suk Joon Shin Young Soo Kim Yeong Jin Choi Yong-Soo Kim In Sung Moon Suk Young Kim Yong Bok Koh Byung Kee Bang Chul Woo Yang 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(6):1354-1360
We report here our 10-year experience of a biopsy performed at day 14 after transplantation in 304 patients with stable graft function. The factors that may have influenced subclinical rejection were analyzed according to histology. The incidence of subclinical rejection was 13.2%. Addition of mycophenolate mofetile (MMF) as a primary immunosuppressant significantly decreased the incidence of subclinical rejection compared with patients without such treatment (odds ratio, 0.23; p < 0.05). On the other hand, HLA-DR antigen mismatch (odds ratio, 2.39) and unrelated donor (odds ratio, 2.10) were also significantly associated with decreased subclinical rejection (p < 0.05). The incidence of acute rejection in patients with normal findings was lower than in those with borderline changes or subclinical rejection (0.23 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.07 and 0.60 +/- 0.11, respectively; p < 0.05). The graft survival rates in patients with subclinical rejection were lower than in patients with normal or borderline changes at 1 (88.4% vs. 97.9% and 99.1%; p < 0.05), 5 (77.8% vs. 96.2% and 95.9%; p < 0.05) and 10 (62.3% vs. 96.2% and 93.7%; p < 0.05) years. Thus, a protocol biopsy performed on day 14 after transplantation is useful for predicting graft survival. Triple therapy including MMF, related donor and HLA-DR antigen match are important factors for reducing subclinical rejection in living-donor renal transplantation. 相似文献
6.
Hilary Bok 《Neurotherapeutics》2007,4(3):555-559
Some neuroscientists argue that advances in neuroscience threaten to undermine our freedom. The argument here is that those
concerns are instances of a more general concern about the compatibility of freedom with causal determinism, and that denying
that our choices are fully determined under causal laws presents a different set of problems for the claim that we have free
will. An alternative account of freedom is presented, consistent with determinism in general, and with advances in neuroscience
in particular. 相似文献
7.
To verify the changes of mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity function of sound eye whose visual acuity was kept the same after occlusion therapy in the amblyopic children. Fourteen sound eyes of amblyopic children (mean; 7.67 years; S.D., 1.50 years) who kept their visual acuity the same after the occlusion therapy were tested. The children had 6 hours of part-time patch therapy for 3 months prior to this examination. Among 14 amblyopic children, 8 were anisometric and 6 were strabismic amblyopes. Using the visual capacity analyzer which measures the minimal contrast level at from low to high spatial frequencies, the contrast sensitivity of sound eye was measured, under both photopic and mesopic condition, before and after 3 months of occlusion therapy. Comparing the contrast sensitivity of sound eye after the occlusion therapy to that before the occlusion, there was no statistical difference in photopic condition. When it comes to mesopic condition, the contrast sensitivity decreased at the intermediate spatial frequency level (3-13 c.p.d, p=0.028) after the occlusion therapy. The occlusion caused statistically significant decrease in mesopic contrast sensitivity, when the visual acuity was not changed after the occlusion therapy. It may indicate that mesopic contrast sensitivity can be considered as a useful tool for early detection of hidden occlusion amblyopia. 相似文献
8.
Electron microscopic localization of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the outer plexiform layer of the goldfish retina. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Light and electron microscope autoradiography were performed on goldfish (Carassius auratus) retinas incubated in [125I] labelled -bungarotoxin. The toxin was bound preferentially to membrane receptors in the inner and outer plexiform layers. Binding was suppressed by 10–5 M nicotine or 10–5 M native -bungarotoxin. Electron microscopic analysis of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) strongly suggested that -bungarotoxin binding sites were located on small bipolar cell dendritic processes that invaginated rod and cone synaptic terminals, and on large bipolar cell dendritic processes more proximally situated in the OPL. Large horizontal cell processes in the OPL and horizontal cell processes that invaginated rod and cone synaptic terminals did not appear to be labelled. 相似文献
9.
Kim D Hur DY Kim YS Lee K Lee Y Cho D Kang JS Kim YI Hahm E Yang Y Yoon S Kim S Lee WB Park HY Kim YB Hwang YI Chang KY Lee WJ 《Human immunology》2002,63(7):576-587
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a tumor with the characteristics of germinal center B cells. We previously reported that the CM1 (centrocyte/-blast marker 1) molecule is expressed only in germinal center B cells, specifically, in a subpopulation of centroblasts and centrocytes. In the present study, we investigated the apoptosis induced by anti-CM1 in the Ramos and Raji human BL cell lines. The Ramos is protected from apoptosis by the crosslinking of sIgM and the calcium ionophore by the ligation of CD40 with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). In this investigation on the effect of CM1 on apoptosis in BL cell lines, we found that cellular signaling by CM1 induces apoptosis and decreases cell viability, in BL cell lines cultured for 24 hours with protein-G agarose beads conjugated anti-CM1 mAb. Stimulation by CD40 ligated with sCD40L protected Raji cells from CM1-induced apoptosis, but did not protect Ramos cells. Furthermore, after anti-CM1 mAb stimulation, CD95 expression was upregulated and CD40 expression was unaltered or slightly decreased in Ramos cells, whereas CD95 was downregulated and CD40 was slightly upregulated in Raji cells. The engagement of CD40 by sCD40L enhanced CD95 expression, but the level of CM1 expression was unchanged in Ramos. However, sCD40L downregulated both CD95 and CM1 expression in Raji. In addition, the caspase-8 specific inhibitor blocked CM1-induced apoptosis in Ramos cells, but not in Raji cells. Increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was observed only in Raji cells. Moreover, the effector caspase inhibitor, z-DEVD, blocked CM1-mediated apoptosis in both cell lines. We found that CM1-induced apoptosis is achieved via different initiation pathways, which are cell-type dependent. 相似文献
10.
Rotavirus is the main cause of acute diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. In Paraguay, acute diarrhea ranks fourth among the causes of mortality in children under 4 years of age. Rotavirus was detected in 93 out of 410 patients admitted to three main hospitals in Asunción, Paraguay from August 1998 to August 2000. Samples from 64 patients were analyzed by RT-PCR for G and P typing. G4P[8] (46.9%; 30/64) was the most common strain detected, followed by G9P[8] (17.2%; 11/64) and G1P[8] (10,9%; 7/64). Since G4 was predominant during the epidemiological peaks of 1998 and 1999, four samples were sequenced and all grouped into sublineage Ic. This sublineage was reported for the first time in 1998 in Argentina, southern border of Paraguay, and it was shown to be responsible for the increased prevalence of G4 during the epidemiological season of 1998 in that country. In addition, Paraguayan G1 strains grouped in different lineages (I and II). However, G9 was predominant during the rotavirus epidemiological peak of 2000, and phylogenetic analysis of five samples grouped into a common emergent/reemergent lineage that circulates worldwide. Since vaccination could reduce the severity and the number of cases of rotavirus disease, this study suggests that a vaccine containing recently isolated variants of the most prevalent types (G1-G4) together with the emerging G9 type, might be sufficient to elicit a protective immune response against the rotavirus types circulating currently in Paraguay. 相似文献