Review of non‐positron emission tomography functional imaging of primary musculoskeletal tumours: Beyond the humble bone scan

Bone and soft tissue tumours are rare neoplasms. There are five major roles of imaging in the management of primary musculoskeletal tumours, that is, to differentiate between benignity and malignancy, to evaluate for local tumour extension, to screen for metastases, to judge the effect of chemotherapy, and to monitor for recurrence. To accomplish this, multiple modalities are required because no single examination is able to complete all these tasks. These modalities include plain radiography, CT, MRI, conventional nuclear medicine as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Elsewhere, PET imaging has been discussed at length, because it is likely to be superior in the assessment of bone and soft tissue tumours over conventional nuclear medicine procedures. However, conventional nuclear medicine may be of value when PET is unavailable. In this review, an overview of anatomical imaging will be given and the role of non‐PET functional imaging will be discussed in detail. A variety of illustrative cases will be presented.     

止泻散敷脐治疗婴幼儿腹泻100例

0　引言　腹泻乃小儿最常见病 ,尤以 2岁以下婴幼儿最为常见 .年龄越小 ,发病率越高 ,且多在夏、秋季发病 .小儿患病后惧怕打针 ,服药以及输液 ,给治疗带来一些困难 . 12 a来 ,我们用自拟的止泻散敷脐治疗婴幼儿泄泻 ,效果良好 .1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1998- 0 6 / 1999- 10婴幼儿腹泻发病高峰期门诊病例 10 0 (男 6 6 ,女 34 )例 ,年龄 2月龄～ 5岁 .肠炎 5 8例 ,单纯消化不良 42例 . 6 7例曾多次治疗 ,33例初诊 .凡接受治疗之患儿 ,一律停止用其他药物 .1.2　方法　药物组成 :川椒 12 g,干姜 12 g,小茴香 12 g,白芷 2 0 g,吴茱萸 5 g,…     

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. with potent activity against fluconazole-resistant fungal pathogens

Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. , namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→ 2）-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl（ 1 → 3 ） 3-β- D-glucopyranosyl （ 1 → 4 ）- 1- α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1 → 2 ） 3-β-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranpyranosyl（1→2）-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→ 3）3-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida para psilosis , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , and Cryptococcus neo f ormans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans （MIC80 = 4.4, 9.4 mg/ml）, C. neoformans （MIC80 =10.7, 18.7 mg/ml） and inherently resistant C. krusei （MIC80 =8.8, 18.4 mg/ml）. So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.     

Predictors of a positive baseline bone scan in breast cancer

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the predictors of a positive bone scan in female patients with breast carcinoma. The participants were 126 females with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma and a baseline bone scan. Patients who had started treatment before their bone scan were excluded. Bone scans were assessed as ‘no metastases’ or ‘definite skeletal metastases’ without knowledge of the patient's predictor variables. Those with ‘possible metastases’ were correlated with other available imaging and clinical information, and recategorized as ‘no metastases’ or ‘definite skeletal metastases’. Results were compared with predictor variables. Significant predictors were increasing age, a higher histopathological grading and positive progesterone receptor status following a forward-stepwise logistic regression analysis. Axillary nodal status, tumour size and oestrogen receptor status did not correlate with a positive bone scan. Not every patient needs a staging bone scan. This study is important because it predicts the need for baseline scintigraphy for specific patients in whom skeletal metastases are more likely to be present or to develop. The findings are particularly valuable in times of worldwide resource scarcity and evolving surgical practice.     

针灸治疗中风偏瘫选穴规律研究

目的对针灸治疗中风偏瘫的临床研究文献进行统计分析,为临床选穴与合理组穴提供依据。方法收集近28年来针灸治疗中风偏瘫的临床文献,对选用的腧穴种类、归经及使用频次进行统计分析。结果针灸治疗弛缓性偏瘫为主的文献276篇,共使用195个穴位,总频次为2 957次,十四经穴174个,总频次2 849次,占96%;经外奇穴108次,占4%。出现频率占10%以上的经穴29个,阳经穴21个,阴经穴8个。针灸治疗痉挛性偏瘫为主的文献52篇,共使用106穴,总频次为530次,十四经穴97个,总频次511次,占96%;经外奇穴19次,占4%。出现频率占10%以上的经穴31个,阳经穴21个,阴经穴10个。治疗弛缓性偏瘫和痉挛性偏瘫,均以十四经穴为主体,选用阳经穴为主。结论针灸治疗中风弛缓性瘫选用手足阳明、足少阳经、督脉四条阳经,治疗痉挛性瘫以手足少阳经、手阳明经及足太阳经四条经脉为主,上肢配以心包经,下肢配以足太阴经和足阳明经。     

千层塔中三萜成分的研究

前曾报道自千层塔[Huperzia serrata Thunb.(Trev)=Lycopodium serratum Thunb(Trev.)]中分得具有胆碱酯酶抑制活性的新生物碱——石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙、甲基石杉碱乙及已知生物碱8-deoxyserratinine,serratinine,lycodoline及lycoclavine。为进一步阐明该植物的化学成分,我们对其三萜成分进行了研究。从浙江安吉产的千层塔植物中分到六个石松三萜,其中一个为新化合物,经下述方法推定为serratenediol-21-acetate(Ⅰ)。另五     

不同多焦视网膜电图系统在评估视网膜功能上的比较

目的 评估VERIS mfERG （EDI Inc）和Espion multifocal imager （Diagnosys）两种不同系统测量正常眼多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的电位波反应的差异及其相关性,并用两个不同系统分别测量黄斑前膜患眼的mfERG并进行分析.方法 这是一项横断面研究,在VERIS系统使用Burian-Allen （BA）电极,Espion系统使用BA和DTL电极分别测量25只正常眼的mfERG,将3次测得的一阶反应的相应数据进行配对t检验及Pearson相关分析.两个系统用BA电极分别测量19只黄斑前膜患眼的mfERG,对一阶反应的相应数据进行Fisher＇s exact test分析.结果 VERIS BA测得正常眼N1波、P1波振幅密度值最大,其次为Espion BA,Espion DTL最小;VERIS BA测得N1波、P1波潜伏期最长,Espion BA与Espion DTL差异无统计学意义.Espion BA与VERIS BA测得的P1波振幅密度、潜伏期皆有明显的相关性.黄斑前膜患眼中,VERIS BA比Espion BA能检测到更多P1波振幅密度和P1波潜伏期的异常.结论 不论VERIS或Espion系统都能成功记录多焦视网膜电图,当两种系统都使用Burian-Allen电极时,两者mfERG一阶反应P1波振幅密度及潜伏期有着良好的相关性.     

6－甲氧基正丁苯酞在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢研究

报道了用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法及衍生化技术研究６甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢转化结果。６甲氧基正丁苯酞在苯巴比妥（ＰＢ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体中主要转化为３羟基、γ羟基取代物，６羟基正丁苯酞与一个环氧化代谢产物