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1.
BACKGROUND: Isolated detection of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in the absence of surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody (anti-HBs) has been reported, particularly among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The significance of this phenomenon is unknown and it is unclear whether all individuals with such serological pattern need further molecular investigations. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of 'anti-HBc only' in samples referred to a clinical virology laboratory and to evaluate its significance and possible mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: Samples identified as anti-HBc positive (389/4359, 8.9%) during an 11-month period were investigated for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV. 'Anti-HBc only' samples were tested for HBV DNA using a nested qualitative PCR. Viral loads were measured in samples with detectable HBV DNA and the DNA sequences were analysed. RESULTS: Of 379 samples with detectable anti-HBc, 155 (40.9%) were 'anti-HBc only'. HBV DNA was detected in 6/151 (4%), all of which had a viral load <400 copies per ml. Anti-HIV was found in 50/151 (33.1%) and anti-HCV in 14/151 (9.3%). Of these, only one of the HIV infected patients had detectable HBV DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the HBV surface gene from three patients showed a variety of genotypes (A, E and G). One sequence had a mutation in codon 144, which has previously been reported to give false negative HBsAg results. CONCLUSIONS: 'Anti-HBc only' is a common phenomenon in the clinical virology laboratory but only a small proportion of samples had detectable HBV DNA. The presence of HBsAg mutants with possible false negative HBsAg test result is of concern. Samples with 'anti-HBc only' could be used to monitor the emergence of these mutants. 相似文献
2.
Abel Wahab MF El-Kateeb AA El-Wakeel MR Maklouf MM Younis TA El-Deeb TM El-Sharkawy TM Sallam TH Ahmed NA 《The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association》1995,70(1-2):37-55
Fifty four patients presenting by huge splenomegaly were admitted to Tropical Medicine Department, El-Minia University Hospital. Tissue biopsy revealed pure bilharziasis due to S. hematobium in 10 (19%) cases, liver cirrhosis in 23 (42%), mixed schistosomiasis and cirrhosis in 8 (15%), hepatoma in 3 (6%), lymphoma in 6 (11%) and hematological diseases in the form of chronic myeloid leukemia in 2 (3.5%) and thalassemia major in 2 (3.5%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity of abdominal ultrasonography was 100% and 97% in cases of schistosomiasis, 100% and 100% in cases of hepatoma, 87% and 100% in cases of liver cirrhosis, 33% and 100% in cases of lymphoma respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between endoscopic variceal grading, portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, size of the spleen and the grading of the portal tract thickenings. The pathological and ultrasonographic diagnosis was the same in 38 (70%) cases. Splenogram was characteristic but not diagnostic in cases of schistosomiasis and liver cirrhosis. It was diagnostic and similar to peripheral blood picture in the 2 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and was normal in cases of thalassemia major. Splenic aspiration was able to diagnose all cases of lymphomas. It can be considered as a useful adjunct to the usual diagnostic procedures, both in staging and follow up, especially in cases presenting only by splenomegaly. 相似文献
3.
Harapan Harapan Youdiil Ophinni Dewi Megawati Andri Frediansyah Sukamto S. Mamada Mirnawati Salampe Talha Bin Emran Wira Winardi Raisha Fathima Salin Sirinam Pichamon Sittikul Ana M. Stoian Firzan Nainu Malik Sallam 《Viruses》2022,14(10)
The 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak in humans has brought new public health adversity on top of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease has spread to 104 countries throughout six continents of the world, with the highest burden in North America and Europe. The etiologic agent, monkeypox virus (MPXV), has been known since 1959 after isolation from infected monkeys, and virulence among humans has been reported since the 1970s, mainly in endemic countries in West and Central Africa. However, the disease has re-emerged in 2022 at an unprecedented pace, with particular concern on its human-to-human transmissibility and community spread in non-endemic regions. As a mitigation effort, healthcare workers, public health policymakers, and the general public worldwide need to be well-informed on this relatively neglected viral disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of monkeypox, including the following aspects: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. In addition, the current review discusses the preventive and control measures, the latest vaccine developments, and the future research areas in this re-emerging viral disease that was declared as a public health emergency of international concern. 相似文献
4.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key mediators of regulated gene expression in diverse biologic contexts, including cardiovascular disease. In this issue of the JCI, Tang, Luo, and colleagues explored the contributions of lncRNAs in diabetic vasculopathy. The authors identified the lncRNA LEENE as a key mediator of angiogenesis and ischemic response. In a model of diabetic peripheral arterial disease, loss of LEENE led to impaired vascular perfusion, while its overexpression rescued the ischemic defect. The authors used unbiased chromatin affinity assays to decipher LEENE’s interactome and mode of action. These findings offer insights as to why patients with diabetes are uniquely susceptible to developing peripheral vascular disease and fill important gaps in our understanding of mechanisms that connect metabolic dysregulation with impaired angiogenesis. 相似文献
5.
Activation of central GABAB receptors offsets the cyclosporine counteraction of endotoxic cardiovascular outcomes in conscious rats 下载免费PDF全文
Marwa Y. Sallam Sahar M. El‐Gowilly Abdel‐Galil A. Abdel‐Galil Mahmoud M. El‐Mas 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》2018,32(5):485-498
We have previously shown that cyclosporine (CSA) counteracts cardiovascular manifestations induced by endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) such as hypotension and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in conscious rats. In this study, we investigated whether the facilitation of central γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission blunts these favorable influences of CSA. The LPS‐CSA interaction was determined in the absence and presence of drugs that activate GABAA or GABAB receptors or elevate synaptic GABA levels in the central nervous system. The consequent i.v. administration of CSA (10 mg/kg) blunted the LPS‐evoked hypotension, tachycardia, and reductions in time‐ and frequency‐domain indices of heart rate variability (measures of cardiac autonomic control) evoked by LPS (10 mg/kg i.v.). The ability of CSA to reverse the LPS effects disappeared in rats treated intracisternally (i.c.) with baclofen (selective GABAB agonist, 2 μg/rat) but not muscimol (selective GABAA agonist, 1 μg/rat), indicating a preferential compromising action for central GABAB receptors on the advantageous effects of CSA. Moreover, the improvement by CSA of LPS‐evoked cardiovascular derangements was also eliminated after concurrent i.c. administration of vigabatrin (GABA transaminase inhibitor, 200 μg/rat) or tiagabine (GABA reuptake inhibitor, 100 μg/rat). These results demonstrate that the activation of central GABAB receptors either directly via baclofen or indirectly following interventions that boost GABA levels in central synapses counterbalances the rectifying action of CSA on endotoxemia. 相似文献
6.
7.
Chen DD Xu X Zhao Q Yin J Sallam H Chen JD 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2008,23(1):141-149
Aim: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different audio stimulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in adolescents compared with adults. Methods: The study was performed in 11 adults and 12 adolescents. Each subject underwent two sessions, one for classical music, and the other for noise. Each session consisted of 30 min of baseline, 30 min of fasting audio stimulation, a test meal, 30 min of fed audio stimulation, and 30 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram and electrogastrogram were both recorded throughout each session. Results: (i) In the fasting state, both classical music and noise impaired gastric slow wave activity in adolescents. In adults, noise had no effects while classical music moderately improved slow wave rhythmicity. (ii) In the fed state, neither noise nor music had any effects on gastric slow waves. (iii) In the fasting state, both noise and music increased the sympathovagal balance in adolescents; in adults only noise had such an effect. (iv) The test meal increased the sympathovagal balance in all groups. Conclusions: Gastric slow waves and the sympathovagal balance are more strongly affected by audio stimulation in adolescents than in adults. The test meal normalizes the audio stimulation‐induced differences between the groups. 相似文献
8.
Dara A. Al-Disi Nasser M. Al-Daghri Nasiruddin Khan Assim A. Alfadda Reem M. Sallam Mohammed Alsaif Shaun Sabico Gyanendra Tripathi Philip G. McTernan 《Nutrients》2015,7(8):6375-6389
This study determined the effects of a high-fat meal on circulating endotoxin and cardiometabolic indices in adult Arab women. The cohort consisted of 92 consenting Saudi women (18 non-diabetic (ND)) control subjects; Age 24.4 ± 7.9 year; body mass index (BMI) 22.2 ± 2.2 Kg/m2), 24 overweight/obese (referred to as overweight-plus (overweight+)) subjects (Age 32.0 ± 7.8 year; BMI 28.5 ± 1.5 Kg/m2) and 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (Age 41.5 ± 6.2 year; BMI 35.2 ± 7.7 Kg/m2). All were given a high-fat meal (standardized meal: 75 g fat, 5 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein) after an overnight fast of 12–14 h. Anthropometrics were obtained and fasting blood glucose, lipids, and endotoxin were serially measured for four consecutive postprandial hours. Endotoxin levels were significantly elevated prior to a high-fat meal in the overweight+ and T2DM than the controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the postprandial cardiometabolic changes led to a more detrimental risk profile in T2DM subjects than other groups, with serial changes most notable in glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and insulin levels (p-values < 0.05). The same single meal given to subjects with different metabolic states had varying impacts on cardiometabolic health. Endotoxemia is exacerbated by a high-fat meal in Arab subjects with T2DM, accompanied by a parallel increase in cardiometabolic risk profile, suggesting disparity in disease pathogenesis of those with or without T2DM through the altered cardiometabolic risk profile rather than variance in metabolic endotoxinaemia with a high-fat meal. 相似文献
9.
Marwa Fathy Ebraheem Rehab Abd-El Raouf Sallam Mona A. Mohsen Basma Ahmed El-Kady Galal E. El-Hawary Azza A Baiomy 《The Egyptian Rheumatologist》2019,41(2)
Background
There is risk of premature atherosclerosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients which predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. This can be assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) of the arterial wall and by soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1).Aim of the work
To assess endothelial dysfunction in JIA children and to correlate sVCAM with FMD of brachial artery and carotid IMT.Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 55 JIA patients. The following was assessed: body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS27). Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C-HAQ), physical activity questionnaire (PAQ), fatigue assessment using The Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory, full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), serum creatinine and lipid profile, sVCAM-1, FMD and IMT.Results
The patients’ age was 10.9?±?3.9?years and were 28 (50.9%) females. JADAS-27 and CRP was higher in systemic JIA, but fatigue scores were significantly lower. CHAQ was significantly lower in patients with polyarticular disease. Patients with high disease activity had significantly younger age of onset, lower BMI, shorter disease duration, lower fatigue scale and physical activity scores and higher CHAQ. sVCAM-1 significantly correlated with CHAQ, low-density lipoprotein, CRP and ESR while FMD significantly correlated with PedsQL and PAQ.Conclusion
JIA patients had impaired endothelial function and increased cIMT with increased sVCAM-1, impaired lipid profile, decreased physical activity and increased fatigue with a potentially higher cardiovascular risk in this pediatric population. 相似文献10.