Destructive Adsorption of Diazinon Pesticide by Activated Carbon Nanofibers Containing Al2O3 and MgO Nanoparticles

We report the destructive adsorption of Diazinon pesticide by porous webs of activated carbon nanofibers containing Al₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles. The results show that, the presence of Al₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles in the activated carbon nanofibers increases the amount of destructively adsorbed Diazinon pesticide by activated carbon nanofibers. Moreover, type, amount, and specific surface area of metal oxide nanoparticles affect the adsorption rate as well as the total destructively adsorbed Diazinon. Liquid chromatography proved the degradation of Diazinon by chemical reaction with Al₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the main product of reaction between Diazinon and the metal oxides is 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol with less toxicity than Diazinon.     

Generation and characterization of nanobodies targeting PSMA for molecular imaging of prostate cancer

Nanobodies show attractive characteristics for tumor targeting in cancer diagnosis and therapy. A radiolabeled nanobody binding the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) could offer a noninvasive strategy to select prostate cancer patients eligible for PSMA‐targeted therapies. We here describe the generation, production and in vivo evaluation of anti‐PSMA nanobodies. Nanobodies were derived from heavy‐chain‐only antibodies, raised in immunized dromedaries. Binding characteristics were evaluated through ELISA and flow cytometry. Selected nanobodies were radiolabeled with ^99mTc at their hexahistidine tail, after which cell binding capacity and internalization were evaluated on PSMA^pos LNCaP and PSMA^neg PC3 cell lines. In vivo tumor targeting was analyzed in both LNCaP and PC3 xenografted mice through SPECT/microCT and tissue sampling. A panel of 72 generated clones scored positive on ELISA, all contributing to three nanobody groups, of which group 3 dominated with 70 clones. ELISA and FACS analysis led to the selection of two dominant nanobodies. ^99mTc‐labeled PSMA6 and PSMA30 both showed specific binding on LNCAP cells, but not on PC3 cells. ^99mTc‐PSMA30 internalized significantly more in LNCaP cells compared to ^99mTc‐PSMA6. Higher absolute tumor uptake and tumor‐to‐normal organ ratios were observed for ^99mTc‐PSMA30 compared with ^99mTc‐PSMA6 and a ^99mTc‐control nanobody in LNCaP but not in PC3 tumor‐bearing mice. PSMA30 nanobody has improved targeting characteristics both in vitro as well as in vivo compared with PSMA6 and the control nanobody, and was therefore selected as our in‐house‐developed lead compound for PSMA targeting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,characterization and in vivo evaluation of cadmium telluride quantum dots toxicity in mice by toxicometabolomics approach

Quantum dots (QDs) have widespread application in many fields such as medicine and electronics. The need for understanding the potentially harmful side effects of these materials becomes clear. In this study, the toxicity of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) and bulk Cd²⁺ has been investigated and compared by applying metabolomics methods. The datasets were ¹H-NMR data from mice plasma which had been taken from four groups of mice in different time intervals. Then, the data were analyzed by applying chemometrics methods and the metabolites were found from Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). The results showed the significant change in the level of some metabolites especially estrogenic steroids in different groups with different amounts of received Cd. The findings also indicated that steroid hormone biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism are the most affected pathways by CdTe-QDs especially in estrogenic steroids. The over-representation analysis indicated that endoplasmic reticulum, gonads, and hepatocytes are most affected. Since the pattern of metabolite alteration of CdTe-QDs with equivalent Cd²⁺ was similar to those of CdCl₂, it was postulated that beside Cd²⁺ effects, the toxicity of CdTe-QDs is associated with other factors.     

The Central Role for Microenvironment in B-Cell Malignancies: Recent Insights into Synergistic Effects of its Therapeutic Targeting and Anti-CD20 Antibodies

Most B-cell-related disorders can be cured with conventional agents; however, relapse is common, creating a need for additional therapeutic options. In agreement, recent biomarker studies corroborate the role played by functional crosstalk between malignant B cells and microenvironment which have added texture to clinical outcome. Here we outline the essential role of the tumor-associated niche in B-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia pathogenesis, in an attempt to optimize the use of microenvironment-targeted drugs and anti-CD20 antibodies in the various subsets.     

Motivational interviewing and screening colonoscopy in high-risk individuals. A randomized controlled trial

Objective

To measure the impact of motivational interviewing (MI) on cancer knowledge and screening practice among first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with colon cancer.

Generalized granuloma annulare in a case of breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature

Generalized granuloma annulare can be associated with breast cancer. Atypical granuloma annulare especially in older patients should alert physicians to the possibility of an occult malignancy.     

Antioxidant supplementations ameliorate PCOS complications: a review of RCTs and insights into the underlying mechanisms

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important gynecological disorders of women in the age of reproduction. Different hormonal and...