Tele-counseling based on motivational interviewing to change sexual behavior of women living with HIV: a randomized controlled clinical trial

AIDS and Behavior - Sexual transmission accounts for the majority of new HIV infections in Iran. More than 80% of HIV-positive persons are sexually active, and nearly 68% reported never using a...     

Evaluation of Vaccines Injection Order on Pain Score of Intramuscular Injection of Diphtheria,Whole Cell Pertussis and Tetanus Vaccine

Objective

To determine, whether or not intramuscular injection of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DwPT) vaccine should be given first and subcutaneous injection of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) thereafter or vice versa and can this cause less pain of DwPT vaccine injection.

Methods

In a randomized parallel group clinical trial, seventy 18-mo-old healthy children who were referred for routine vaccination to Akbari Health Care Center, Yazd, Iran from September 2014 through March 2015 were randomly allocated to two groups to receive DwPT and then MMR vaccines or MMR first, and then DwPT. Primary outcomes included pain score during DwPT injection, pain score during MMR injection, overall pain score of vaccination and obtaining a pain score of less than three during DwPT injection. Pain scores were assessed based on Modified Behavioral Pain Scale. Secondary outcome was crying duration during DwPT injection.

Results

Thirty seven girls and 33 boys were evaluated in two groups. Pain scores of DwPT and MMR injections, the frequency of pain score obtained to be less than three during DwPT injection and the crying duration were not different in both groups. But, overall pain score of vaccination was lower when subcutaneous injection of MMR vaccine was given before intramuscular injection of DwPT vaccine. (14.23 ± 1.35 vs. 15.61 ± 2.65; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Overall pain score of vaccination in multiple vaccine injection at the same visit might be reduced if subcutaneous vaccine is injected before intramuscular one.

     

Cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation alleviates acetic acid intestinal damages in rats: Involvements of nitrergic and opioidergic systems

Background

Colitis, a colonic inflammatory condition, showed a linkage with hepatobiliary disorders such as cirrhosis. It has been reported that both endogenous opioids and nitric oxide (NO) play critical roles in colitis pathogenesis. Moreover, opioid and NO levels showed elevation in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cirrhosis on the experimental model of colitis and the possible involvement of opioidergic/nitrergic systems in rats.

Selenium Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery,Incidence and Symptoms: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Surgery - This study review the prevalence of selenium deficiency after bariatric surgery, incidence, and symptoms. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis was performed...     

From genes polymorphisms to mucosal expression of cytokines: evaluating IL-23/IL-17 axis in adult patients with gastritis

Background and ObjectiveChronic inflammation is the typical sign of gastritis that may shift into gastric cancer. IL-17A and IL-17F as a novel inflammatory cytokines subset of CD4+Th play the main role in inflammation. A key cytokine receptor in the inflammatory IL-17/IL-23 axis, the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), may be related to gastritis. We evaluated the correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R+2199 A/C polymorphisms with TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 mucosal mRNAs expression in uninfected H. Pylori (HP) chronic gastritis patients.Materials and MethodsTotal RNA and genomic DNA were separated from gastric biopsies of 44 patients with gastritis. Subsequently, mucosal mRNAs expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 were assessed by real-time PCR. To polymorphisms determination of IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL-23R +2199A/C the PCR-RFLP was used in gastric biopsies.ResultsResults point that IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R +2199A/C polymorphisms did not influence the mucosal expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21 (p> 0.05). In an opposite result, we don''t find a correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms and mucosal expression of IL-23 (p> 0.05). In a contrary, we found a correlation between IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism and mucosal expression of IL-23 in patients with chronic gastritis (p< 0.05).ConclusionThese findings propose that IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism may change the mucosal expression of IL-23 pattern in patients with gastritis disease in the absence of HP, but to support the conclusion, more research may be required.     

The effects of cognitive loading on balance control in patients with multiple sclerosis

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of concurrent cognitive task (silent backward counting) on balance performance between two groups of multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 23) and healthy (n = 23) participates. Three levels of postural difficulty were studied on a force platform, i.e. rigid surface with eyes open, rigid surface with eyes closed, and foam surface with eyes closed. A mixed model analysis of variance showed that under difficult sensory condition of foam surface with eyes closed, execution of concurrent cognitive task caused a significant decrement in variability of sway velocity in anteroposterior direction for the patient group (P < 0.01) while this was not the case for healthy participants (P = 0.22). Also, the variability of sway velocity in mediolateral direction was significantly decreased during concurrent execution of cognitive task in patient group (P < 0.01) and not in healthy participants (P = 0.39). Furthermore, in contrast to single tasking, dual tasking had the ability to discriminate between the 2 groups in all conditions of postural difficulty. In conclusion, findings of variability in sway velocity seem to confirm the different response to cognitive loading between two groups of MS and healthy participants.     

Design guidelines for interactive multimedia learning environments to promote social inclusion

Purpose : There is a continuing need for guidelines to aid in the design of Interactive Multimedia Learning Environments (IMLE) to promote effective learning. The project introduced in this paper looks at an important subset of this problem, the design of interactive learning environments to promote social inclusion. Method : A consortium of six partners contributed toward defining learning material to develop a range of work based skills, including horticulture, IT and catering. These were then developed into IMLE prototypes. Formative evaluation of these prototypes then revealed a range of usability problems, which were grouped into generic types and frequency of occurrence. Results : The most important and frequently occurring problems were used to distil a set of design guidelines for the development of effective IMLE. The results from this usability content analysis were also used to refine the initial prototypes to improve their usability and effectiveness. Conclusions : These guidelines, termed the Greenhat Design Guidelines, can be adopted for use by all multimedia developers aiming to promote the social inclusion of vulnerable or socially disadvantaged groups of people. The refined IMLE can be accessed via the Greenhat Server to improve the employment-related skills of socially excluded people.