Functionalizing bioinks for 3D bioprinting applications

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Betropharyngeal abscesses: Revisited

Retropharyngeal abscesses were fairly common in preantibiotic era but the advent of antibiotics has reduced the overall incidence of these abscesses. They still continue to occur specially in developing world and carry significant morbidity and even mortality if not managed properly. The prevalence of this abscess in the young children pose a bigger challenge, as the examination of oral cavity is difficult. Emphasis is placed on the age, sex, type, and duration of symptoms, bacteriology, methodology of diagnosis, therapy and complications. With proper antibiotic cover and surgical management, majority of patients today survive without major residual squeal. Hereby we present a series of 15 cases of retropharyngeal abscess.     

Potassium permanganate resistant amyloid in fine-needle aspirate of the liver

A case of primary amyloidosis, initially detected by fine-needle aspiration of the liver, is reported here. Amorphous acellular metachromatic material was seen extracellularly in between the hepatocytic cords compressing them. This material showed typical apple-green birefringence under crossed bipolars after alkaline Congo-red staining proved its amyloid nature. It was resistant to potassium permanganate pretreatment, indicating it to be of the AL type. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Outcome of live related and live unrelated renal transplants

Summary: This study compares the outcomes of 229 renal transplants, of which 156 were live related renal transplants done at our centre and 73 unrelated transplants done at other centres but followed up at our centre. All the patients were on triple immunosuppression for periods varying between 9 months and 1 year. Patient characteristics, rejections, infections and 1 and 5 years patient and graft survival were analyzed in the two groups. the outcome of patients who continued on cyclosporine beyond 1 year was compared to those who discontinued cyclosporine at 1 year. Males predominated (191 vs 38) in both groups, while younger patients (<50 years) predominated in live related group (152 vs four). There was no difference in the incidence of infection, rejection, graft dysfunction, graft loss or death between the two groups. the 1 and 5 year patient survival in the related and unrelated group, (93.7% and 71.4% vs and 85% and 66%) and graft survival (90.4% and 69.4% vs 83.3% and 65.4%) were similar. However, in the unrelated group, patients who discontinued cyclosporine had a higher incidence of rejections (38% vs 14%) and graft loss (43% vs 11.8%), while in the related group no such difference was found. It is concluded that 1 and 5 year patient and graft survival is comparable between live related and live unrelated transplantation. However, in the unrelated group it is necessary to continue cyclosporine beyond 1 year in order to achieve comparable results.     

Dermatomyositis in a patient with high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder

Inflammatory myopathies like dermatomyositis are associated with increased incidence of malignancies. This association has been commonly reported with malignancies of ovaries, gastro‐intestinal tract, breast and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas but occurrence of dermatomyositis with bladder cancer has been rarely reported. We report a patient with carcinoma bladder who developed dermatomyositis while being treated for the bladder cancer.     

APPRAISAL OF SURGICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

One hundred and ten patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones were treated in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India between January 1989 and December 1992. The primary modality of treatment was surgery in 62 patients (group I) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in 48 (group II). The two groups were well matched with respect to clinical features and presence of medical risk factors. Surgical clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 58 patients (93.5%; group Ia). Four patients (7%) had retained stones following surgery (group Ib). In group II, the CBD was cleared by endoscopic means in 20 out of 48 patients (42%) and was categorized into group IIa. In the remaining patients ES was followed by CBD exploration (group IIb). Significantly higher morbidity was seen in patients needing CBD surgery following attempted endoscopic clearance, because of ES-related complications, such as bleeding, cholangitis, septicaemia and numerous others. Use of ES to treat CBD stones on a routine basis was therefore not found to be any better than one-time surgical exploration.