全文获取类型
收费全文 | 269篇 |
免费 | 32篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 7篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 49篇 |
口腔科学 | 1篇 |
临床医学 | 29篇 |
内科学 | 104篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 31篇 |
特种医学 | 5篇 |
外科学 | 23篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 15篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
1949年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有304条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
SH Lee† CP Choi‡ HC Eun† OS Kwon† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(7):860-863
BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS: Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS: The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required. 相似文献
2.
W. E. Whitehead G. Bassotti O. Palsson E. Taub E. C. Cook III D. A. Drossman 《Digestive and liver disease》2003,35(11):229-783
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are diagnosed by the presence of a characteristic set of symptoms. Aims of this study were to validate the Rome symptom criteria by factor analysis and to determine whether symptoms cluster in the same way in different cultures. METHODS: One thousand forty-one gastroenterology clinic patients in the US (response rate 53%) and 228 family members accompanying clinic patients in Italy (84%) completed a previously validated symptom questionnaire. Factor analysis identified clusters of symptoms which are highly correlated with each other, and these were compared to the Rome diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: In the US, 13 factors were identified. The irritable bowel factor was composed of three core symptoms corresponding to the Rome II classification system. Two dyspepsia factors were identified which correspond to the ulcer- and motility-like subtypes proposed in the Rome I classification system. All symptoms of constipation formed a single cluster as proposed in the Rome II classification system. Symptom clusters in the US agreed well with symptom clusters identified in Italian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Empirically derived symptom clusters agree in most respects with the Rome II classification system and support their validity. These symptom clusters are independent of cultural differences in diet and behaviour. 相似文献
3.
SUMMARY The study explored the incidence of clinical feminisation and the sex hormone levels of 18 Nigerian patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) alone and 18 patients with LC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence (11%) of clinical feminisation in Nigerian patients was lower than values reported from other countries and there was no association between feminising signs and the sex hormone levels of the patients. Plasma oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were significantly higher and testosterone lower in patients with liver diseases than in 18 age-matched normal controls. Serum concentrations of oestradiol were also found to be significantly higher in patients with LC alone than in those with LC and HCC. A possible promotive role for oestrogens in the development of HCC from the cirrhotic liver is discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
Inhibition of 2-nitropropane-induced rat liver DNA and RNA damage by benzyl selenocyanate 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
We observed that pretreatment of male F344 rats with benzyl selenocyanate,
a versatile organoselenium chemopreventive agent in several animal model
systems, decreases the levels of DNA and RNA modifications produced in the
liver by the hepatocarcinogen 2- nitropropane. To clarify the mechanisms
involved, we pretreated male F344 rats with either benzyl selenocyanate,
its sulfur analog benzyl thiocyanate, phenobarbital or cobalt
protoporphyrin IX; the latter is a depletor of P450. We then determined (1)
the ability of liver microsomes to denitrify 2-nitropropane, (2) effects on
2-nitropropane- induced liver DNA and RNA modifications and (3) amount of
nitrate excreted in rat urine following administration of the carcinogen.
Pretreatment with benzyl selenocyanate or phenobarbital increased the
denitrification activity of liver microsomes by 217 and 765%, respectively,
increased liver P4502B1 by 31- and 435-fold, respectively, decreased the
levels of 2-nitropropane-induced modifications in liver DNA (29-70% and
17-30%, respectively) and RNA (67-85% and 30-50%, respectively), and
increased the 24-h urinary excretion of nitrate by 157 and 209%,
respectively. Pretreatment with benzyl thiocyanate had no significant
effect on any of these parameters. Pretreatment with cobalt protoporphyrin
IX decreased liver P4502B 1 by 87%, decreased the denitrification activity
of liver microsomes by 76%, decreased the 24 h urinary excretion of nitrate
by 88.5%, but increased the extent of 2-nitropropane-induced liver nucleic
acid modifications by 17-67%. These results indicate that the metabolic
sequence from 2-nitropropane to the reactive species causing DNA and RNA
modifications does not involve the removal of the nitro group. Moreover,
they suggest that benzyl selenocyanate inhibits 2-NP-induced liver nucleic
acid modifications in part by increasing its detoxication through induction
of denitrification, although it is evident that other mechanisms must also
be involved.
相似文献
6.
Genome-scale reconstruction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Genome research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The metabolic network in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reconstructed using currently available genomic, biochemical, and physiological information. The metabolic reactions were compartmentalized between the cytosol and the mitochondria, and transport steps between the compartments and the environment were included. A total of 708 structural open reading frames (ORFs) were accounted for in the reconstructed network, corresponding to 1035 metabolic reactions. Further, 140 reactions were included on the basis of biochemical evidence resulting in a genome-scale reconstructed metabolic network containing 1175 metabolic reactions and 584 metabolites. The number of gene functions included in the reconstructed network corresponds to approximately 16% of all characterized ORFs in S. cerevisiae. Using the reconstructed network, the metabolic capabilities of S. cerevisiae were calculated and compared with Escherichia coli. The reconstructed metabolic network is the first comprehensive network for a eukaryotic organism, and it may be used as the basis for in silico analysis of phenotypic functions. 相似文献
7.
The completion of the human genome project and the construction of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps have lead to significant efforts to find SNPs that can be linked to pathophysiology. In silico models of complete biochemical reaction networks relate a cell's individual reactions to the function of the entire network. Sequence variations can in turn be related to kinetic properties of individual enzymes, thus allowing an in silico model-driven assessment of the effects of defined SNPs on overall cellular functions. This process is applied to defined SNPs in two key enzymes of human red blood cell metabolism: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. The results demonstrate the utility of in silico models in providing insight into differences between red cell function in patients with chronic and nonchronic anemia. In silico models of complex cellular processes are thus likely to aid in defining and understanding key SNPs in human pathophysiology. 相似文献
8.
Oxygen plays an important role in the cultivation of primary cellsex vivo. In this study, we used hermetically sealed tissue culture well inserts equipped with oxygen electrodes to measure the oxygen
utilization of cultured human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNCs). The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of BM MNCs was determined
during a 14-day culture in which both adherent and nonadherent cells were present. Early in the culture, the cells exhibited
very low OURs. The specific OURs (uptake rate per cell) were at approximately 0.005 μmol/106 cells/hr shortly after the initiation of culture. The OUR then increased as the cultures developed. After about 8 to 10 days
of cultivation the specific OURs had increased to 0.038±0.006 and 0.025±0.005 μmol/106 cells/hr for adherent and nonadherent cells, respectively, after which no further increase was observed. Based on these oxygen
uptake rate data, a mathematical model of oxygen diffusion was formulated and use to investigate issues associated with hematopoietic
bioreactor design, including initial cell density, medium depth, reactor configuration, and oxygen partial pressure.In situ OUR measurements confirmed predicted oxygen limitations based on the mathematical model and the experimentally determined
OURs. High-density hematopoietic cultures present design challenges in terms of sufficient and uniform delivery of oxygen
to an active hematopoietic culture. These challenges can be met by using parallelplate bioreactors with thin liquid layers. 相似文献
9.
Sigridur B. Eliasdottir MD MSc Sandra D. Steinthorsdottir MD MSc Olafur S. Indridason MD MHS Runolfur Palsson MD Vidar O. Edvardsson MD 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2013,15(11):776-783
Limited data exist on the comparison of blood pressure (BP) measurements using aneroid and oscillometric devices. The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference in BP obtained using oscillometric and aneroid BP monitors in 9‐ to 10‐year‐old children. A total of 979 children were divided into group O, which underwent two oscillometric BP readings followed by two aneroid readings, and group A, which had BP measured in the reverse order. No significant difference was found between the mean (±standard deviation) of the two systolic BP readings obtained using the oscillometric and aneroid devices (111.5±8.6 vs 111.3±8.1 mm Hg; P=.39), whereas the mean diastolic BP was lower with the oscillometric monitor (61.5±8.0 vs 64.5±6.8 mm Hg; P<.001). A significant downward trend in BP was observed with each consecutive measurement, and agreement between the two monitors was limited. Multiple BP measurements are, therefore, recommended before the diagnosis of elevated BP or hypertension is made with either method. 相似文献
10.