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1.
目的由于卒中风险随着狭窄严重程度的增加而升高,因此认为颈内动脉(ICA)接近闭塞患者的卒中风险很高。在现有的随机试验中,还没有专门针对这种情况进行探讨,因此其处理尚存在争汶。方法:对相关文献进行系统评价。结果:对ICA接近闭塞患者的处理还存在争议:一些学者支持进行干预,而另一些学者则认为存在风险或没有益处而反对进行干预。在ICA接近闭塞的有症状患者中进行一项比较外科治疗与最佳内科治疗的多中心前瞻性随机试验似乎非常困难,因为这类研究需要大量的患者。尽管如此,基于目前的证据,似乎很难拒绝手术治疗。结论:由于目前对ICA接近闭塞患者的最佳处理方案仍存在着争议,因此需要前瞻性观察性研究以证实其在有症状和无症状人群中的患病率以及相关的卒中风险。基于目前的证据,大多数医疗中心选择手术治疗,但它相对干内科治疗的特粱尚右待证章. 相似文献
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A study of the relationship between the delivery to cord clamping interval and the time of cord separation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A randomised controlled trial of 554 women was carried out to compare the effects of late and early umbilical cord clamping on the time of cord separation. In addition data were collected on maternal and neonatal outcomes. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of cord adherence and neonatal and maternal outcomes. There appeared to be a higher rate of jaundice in the late clamped group which did not reach statistical significance. There was an unexpectedly higher rate of breast feeding at home in the late clamped group which did reach statistical significance. Overall the trial provides no clear evidence for the benefit of early cord clamping (the current policy as part of the active management of the third stage in the UK) on the outcomes considered. 相似文献
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Immunity to influenza in ferrets. I. Response to live and killed virus 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
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Rodgers KE; Girgis W; St Amand K; Campeau J; diZerega GS 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(9):2443-2451
Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and
mortality. In this study, the ability of a variety of lazaroid formulations
[the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid PNU74006F (tirilazad) and the
non-steroidal 2-methylaminochroman derivative PNU83,836E] to reduce i.p.
adhesion formation in three rabbit models was examined. In initial studies,
PNU83836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the site of
injury. In the sidewall and double uterine horn models, PNU83,836E was
administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump for the entire postoperative
interval. In the sidewall model, there was a dose- dependent reduction in
the area of the sidewall injury that was involved in adhesions. In the
double uterine horn model, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet
miniosmotic pump to the area of injury for 1, 2, 3 or 7 days.
Administration for as little as 24 h after surgery significantly reduced
the extent of adhesion formation and the reduction was increased if it was
administered for longer. Further studies were conducted in which various
lazaroid formulations were administered as a bolus at the end of surgery.
In both the sidewall and double uterine horn models, administration of
either PNU83,386E (in citrate buffer) or PNU74006F (in cyclodextrin or
lipid emulsion vehicles) at the end of surgery reduced adhesion formation.
Administration of a bolus of PNU74006F 10 min prior to initiation of
surgery with or without additional treatment at the end of surgery further
increased its efficacy in the reduction of adhesion formation.
Administration of a minimum of 1.5 mg before and after surgery (3 mg total)
was required for maximal efficacy. These studies demonstrate that pre- and
postoperative administration of either a steroidal (PNU74006F) or
non-steroidal (PNU83,836E) lazaroid intraperitoneally reduced the formation
and reformation of postoperative adhesions in three animal models.
相似文献
6.
J. S. Oxford G. C. Schild T. Corcoran R. Newman D. Major J. Robertson J. Bootman P. Higgins W. Al-Nakib D. A. J. Tyrrell 《Archives of virology》1990,110(1-2):37-46
Summary An influenza B virus was passaged in man (virus A) and then in human embryo trachea (C) and into embryonated eggs (D) or directly into eggs (B). Virus A, B, and C had the same (cell-like) haemagglutinin phenotype on reaction with selected monoclonal antibodies while D had an egg-like phenotype. The viruses were administered at a dose of 1,000 TCD50 (for MDCK cells) by intranasal inoculation to groups of 27 or 28 volunteers. Viruses A, B, and C all produced disease in six to eight volunteers, whereas D produced no illness and only four volunteers were infected. The viruses shed by the volunteers were indistinguishable from those with which they were inoculated. The haemagglutinin genes of the viruses were sequenced and changes were detected indicating amino acid substitutions at position 196–198 in the attenuated egg-grown virus D whereby a potential glycosylation site present in the other viruses was lost. 相似文献
7.
Emergency and elective embolotherapy of various systemic arteries in 64 patients was carried out at a tertiary centre of Armed Forces. Specific indications were haemoptysis (n=43), preoperative (n=18), haematuria (n=1), epistaxis (n=1) and chemoembolization (n=1). The procedures were performed with gelfoam pellets (n=46), gelfoam pellets and absolute alcohol (n=1), polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) (n=14), steel coils (n=2) and Adriamycin-in-oil emulsion (n=1). Embolotherapy resulted in complete haemostasis in 37 (82.2%) out of 45 cases of haemorrhage. In eight cases (17.8%), it resulted in significant improvement. Complete haemostasis was achieved in both cases of haematuria and epistaxis. Pre-operative embolotherapy resulted in considerable reduction of peroperative blood loss in all the cases. Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular carcinoma resulted in partial regression of the tumour. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and reliability of vascular embolotherapy for control of life threatening haemorrhage and preoperative reduction of lesions.KEY WORDS: Embolization, Embolotherapy, Haemorrhage 相似文献
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Kevin G. Shea MD John C. Jacobs Jr BS James L. Carey MD MPH Allen F. Anderson MD Julia T. Oxford PhD 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2013,471(4):1127-1136