Successful closure of spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome) by endoscopic clipping.

Endoscopic clips have been used mainly for control of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and occasionally for closure of GI perforations. However, closure of spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome) by clipping has not been reported. We described successful non-surgical closure of spontaneous esophageal perforation by endoscopic clipping in a patient with bilateral pyopneumothorax and septicemia.     

Corrosive oesophagitis: an analysis of 50 cases

A total of 50 consecutive patients who were treated in JIPMER Hospital between 1970 and 1981 for corrosive injuries of the oesophagus and stomach were analysed. There were 23 males and 27 females. All but seven presented with dysphagia due to an established stricture. In addition seven of them had associated stricture of the stomach. They were treated with either repeated dilatations or, in selected cases, oesophageal replacement. Perforation of the oesophagus is an important complication associated with oesophageal dilatation indicating the need for oesophageal replacement in multiple or long dense strictures. Results are quite satisfactory with both modalities of treatment. However, oesophageal replacement surgery, performed properly in selected cases, offers a permanent solution to these unfortunate victims.     

Effect of maternal and infant covariates on sibship correlation in birth weight

Birth weight on 12,644 singleton infants from 6,196 sibships born in Maryland between 1980 and 1984 were used to estimate the effects of nine maternal and infant covariates on the sibship correlation in birth weight. Assuming a homogeneous correlation across all families, the estimated intraclass correlation was 0.4664 (+/- 0.0099). This high sibship correlation makes it possible to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the birth weight of a child given information on previous sibs, as well as covariates on the mother and/or infant pertinent to a given pregnancy. The reduction in variance associated with incorporating information on the nine covariates used here was approximately equal to that obtained by conditioning on a single previous sib. Testing for heterogeneity in correlation among different groups of families showed that a crude measure of parity (first live birth vs. other), time between births, mother's marital status, and maternal age at the birth of the last child significantly influenced the sibship correlation in birth weight.     

Bilateral rupture of diaphragm with delayed strangulation

A 64-year-old woman presented in shock. The computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed rupture of the left diaphragm with strangulation. Three days after surgery, the patient developed herniation of abdominal contents on the right side with cardiorespiratory collapse. Marlex mesh was used to repair on the right side. Postoperatively, she needed partial gastrectomy for massive duodenal ulcer bleeding. A dual chamber pacemaker was used to correct the complete heart block.     

Primary hyperparathyroidism and monoclonal gammopathy

Coexistent primary hyperparathyroidism and monoclonal gammopathy, although rare, has been reported previously by a number of investigators. We report four patients with such an occurrence who were seen between 1976 and 1988. Another patient with primary hyperparathyroidism also had multiple myeloma and was in remission for 12 years. These patients represent approximately 1% of the 386 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism seen during the same 12-year period. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this concurrence, we believe it is the result of a chance occurrence. A review of the literature, an estimate of the chance occurrence of coincidental monoclonal gammopathy, benign or malignant, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and some practical implications of this interesting coexistence are presented.     

Radiotherapy in the treatment of low-grade astrocytomas

Between 1954 and 1986 inclusive, 160 children in the North West Region of England were registered with histologically proven lowgrade astrocytomas (grade 1 or 2). Ten died before receiving any treatment, and a further seven died within 28 days of surgery, leaving 143 children whose survival in relation to treatment modality is the subject of this paper. Low-grade astrocytomas are responsive to radiation therapy. This treatment has no clear benefit to offer children with superficial tumours that can be resected completely or nearly so, but significantly improves survival rates when tumours are deep-seated and not amenable to excision.