Transport of estrogen-induced oxytocin receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus.

The modulation of oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTRs) by estrogen was investigated in the ventromedial hypothalamus by in vitro receptor autoradiography. Treatment of ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats with various doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) increased OTR binding not only in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (VMN), but also in the area lateral to the nuclei (IVMN). After a single injection of EB, OTRs first were induced within the ventrolateral parts of the VMN, and only hours later they appeared in the IVMN. This is consistent with the interpretation that OTRs are first induced within the estrogen-sensitive neurons of the ventrolateral VMN and then are transported laterally out of the nuclei. Two additional experiments confirmed this interpretation. First, local infusion of a low dose (10 micrograms) of the neuronal transport inhibitor vinblastine blocked the appearance of OTRs in the IVMN but did not prevent the induction of OTRs by EB within the nuclei. Second, a knife cut placed lateral to the VMN prevented the spread of OTRs out of the nuclei. However, even after treatment with a high dose of EB (2 x 10 micrograms), progesterone (P) was required for a maximal extension of the area covered by OTRs. Thus, the OTR is an estrogen-induced neurotransmitter receptor that is transported to its site of action, the lateral ventromedial hypothalamus, where it is modulated by P and where estrogen-induced OT immunoreactivity is found.     

创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点、发病机制与治疗。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月～2005年6月年收治的17例迟发性脑肿胀患者的临床特点和救治情况。结果 所有颅脑损伤患者采用保守治疗后均有好转，但于伤后5-10d出现恶化，CT复查有脑肿胀，经加强综合脱水等治疗后16例治愈，1例死亡。结论 迟发性脑肿胀好发于对冲性额、颞叶挫裂伤伴明显蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下薄层血肿及早期CT有脑肿胀者。其发病机制可能与创伤后的迟发性脑血管痉挛、微循环障碍、静脉回流障碍及甘露醇作用下降等因素有关。此类患者病情隐蔽性强，应加强观察、积极行CT复查，如能早期明确诊断，保守治疗多数效果良好。     

Retrorenal colon: implications for percutaneous diskectomy

It has been recommended that computed tomography (CT) with the patient prone be performed in every patient undergoing percutaneous diskectomy; this would enable detection of a retrorenal location of the colon, which could interfere with the percutaneous procedure. In this evaluation of 346 prone CT studies, only one patient (0.29%) was found to have retrorenal or retropsoas bowel that would have been perforated at diskectomy. Because of this extremely low prevalence, the performance of prone CT in every patient undergoing percutaneous lumbar diskectomy is not believed to be necessary.     

Regional specificity of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor regulation by estradiol

In vitro quantitative autoradiography and the microdissection technique of Palkovitz were used to examine the effects of estradiol-17 beta on GABAA receptors and on glutamic acid decarboxylase in discrete areas of rat brain. Under the conditions examined, estradiol did not affect glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. However, treatment with estradiol decreased GABAA receptor binding in a majority of areas that contain high levels of intracellular estradiol receptors and in a number of areas that contain few or no estradiol receptors. Within one brain area, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the estradiol effect was mapped and found to occur within the estradiol-sensitive ventrolateral portion and the surrounding dendritic plexus. Time- and dose-response relationships were region specific suggesting that estradiol might influence GABAA-receptor binding through multiple mechanisms. Estradiol does not appear to interact directly with GABAA receptors since addition of estradiol to the assay system did not affect binding. Our findings suggest that one way estradiol might affect neuroendocrine and other centrally mediated processes is through effects on GABAA-receptor binding.     

肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒IgE和IgA抗体检测

采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测２３名肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）抗体，共检出１８名（７８％）活动性ＣＭＶ感染，其中１０名（４４％）为原发性感染。结果证实ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＥ和－ＩｇＡ具有较好的血清学诊断价值，优于ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ。