A systematic scoping review: Resources targeting the training and education of health and recreation practitioners to support physical activity among people with physical disabilities

BackgroundHealth and recreation practitioners play an important role in promoting and supporting leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among persons with physical disabilities (PWPD), yet many practitioners lack training and education to provide the basic knowledge, skills, and resources necessary.¹ Little is known about existing LTPA information and training resources for health and recreation practitioners and there has been no known systematic effort to identify existing resources.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to engage systematic scoping methodologies to identify resources that target the training and education of health and recreation practitioners to promote and support LTPA among PWPD. To further analyze the identified resources, an assessment of quality was conducted.MethodsSystematic scoping review methodologies were employed, which included searches of academic and grey literature, online materials (i.e., Google search) and expert consultation. Results: Several (N = 46) resources were identified from academic, government and non-government, and professional organizations. Most resources were targeted to a specific PWPD population. The resources were of high technical quality. Conclusion: The paper serves as a listing of existing resources for practitioners working with PWPD in LTPA settings. The review provides a catalyst for action in further research and practice regarding the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation of optimally effective resources targeting practitioners to promote and support LTPA among PWPD.ResultsSeveral (N = 46) resources were identified from academic, government and non-government, and professional organizations. Most resources were targeted to a specific PWPD population. The resources were of high technical quality.ConclusionThe paper serves as a listing of existing resources for practitioners working with PWPD in LTPA settings. The review provides a catalyst for action in further research and practice regarding the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation of optimally effective resources targeting practitioners to promote and support LTPA among PWPD.     

Age-related changes in source memory retrieval: an ERP replication and extension

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded (62 scalp sites) from young (M=22) and older (M=66) adults during tests of item recognition and source memory, in a replication and extension of a previous study [Psychol. Aging 14 (1999) 390-413]. Participants studied two temporally distinct lists of sentences (each with two unassociated nouns). At test, in response to studied and unstudied nouns, participants made old/new, followed by source (i.e., list) judgments. Several measures were employed to enhance the source memory performance of the older adults. These were successful, as the old adults showed source memory performance comparable to that of the young subjects from the previous study (67%). Nonetheless, the younger adults significantly outperformed the older adults on measures of item and source memory performance. The ERPs revealed that both age groups showed a robust early, posterior-maximal episodic memory (EM) effect. However, despite their enhanced source memory performance, the ERPs of the old failed to show a robust late, right-prefrontal EM effect, which was again present in the ERPs of the young. By contrast, the older adults showed a central negative component not seen in the ERPs of the young. These results are consistent with the frontal lobe deficit hypothesis of aging and provide some evidence that old and young may use distinct cortical networks during source memory retrieval.     

A comparison of three primary non-adherent dressings applied to hand surgery wounds

This study reports the results of a prospective randomised controlled trial that compared three non-adherent wound dressings applied to hand surgery wounds. Paraffin-impregnated gauze (Jelonet) was compared with a cellulose, acetate fibre dressing coated with a petrolatum emulsion (Adaptic) and a polyamide net dressing impregnated with silicone gel (Mepitel). The dressings were assessed for their ease of application and removal, pain on removal and wound appearance. Results from 99 patients were available for analysis. Adaptic was significantly easier to remove (p < 0.01), required less soaking (p < 0.05), was less painful to remove (p < 0.05) and caused less wound maceration (p < 0.05) than Jelonet, but was significantly more difficult to apply (p < 0.05). Mepitel was also easier to remove but this did not reach statistical significance. It was also more difficult to apply than Jelonet (p < 0.05). We recommend that Adaptic should be used routinely as the non-adherent dressing for incisions or traumatic wounds on the hand. The slight increased difficulty in applying the dressing is outweighed by the major advantages associated with its removal.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the rhizome oil of Hedychium larsenii

The composition of essential oil from the rhizomes of Hedychium larsenii M. Dan & Sathish was examined by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. 99% of the oil consisted of monoterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids were present only in negligible quantities. Linalool and 1,8-cineole were identified as the major components. The oil showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.