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排序方式: 共有157条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Edwin Dickinson Shruti Kolli Alysa Schwenk Cassidy E. Davis Adam Hartstone-Rose 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》2020,303(2):282-294
Relative to all other primates, the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) exists at the extremes of both morphology and behavior. Its specialized anatomy—which includes hypselodont incisors and highly derived manual digits—reflects a dietary niche, unique among primates, which combines tap-foraging with gouging to locate and extract wood-boring larvae. Here, we explore the impact of this extreme dietary ecology upon the masticatory musculature of this taxon with reference to a second, similarly sized but highly generalist lemuriform—the mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz). Using non-destructive, high-resolution diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography techniques, we reconstruct the three-dimensional volumes of eight masticatory muscles, and, for the first time in strepsirrhines, isolate and visualize their constituent muscle fascicles in situ and in three dimensions. Using these data, we report muscle volumes, forces, and fascicle lengths from each muscle portion, as well as their orientation relative to two standardized anatomical planes. Our findings demonstrate the overbuilt nature of the aye-aye's masticatory apparatus, in which each muscle possesses an absolutely and relatively larger muscle volume and PCSA than its counterpart in the mongoose lemur. Likewise, for several adductor muscles, aye-ayes also possess relatively greater fascicle lengths. Finally, we note several unusual features within the lateral pterygoid of the aye-aye—the muscle most responsible for jaw protrusion—that relate to force maximization and reorientation. As this jaw motion is critical to gouging, we interpret these differences to reflect highly specific specializations that facilitate the aye-aye's extreme subsistence strategy. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:282–294, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy 相似文献
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Madhukar B. Kolli Nandini D.P.K. Manne Radhakrishna Para Siva K. Nalabotu Geeta Nandyala Tolou Shokuhfar Kun He Azhang Hamlekhan Jane Y. Ma Paulette S. Wehner Lucy Dornon Ravikumar Arvapalli Kevin M. Rice Eric R. Blough 《Biomaterials》2014
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have been posited to exhibit potent anti-oxidant activity which may allow for the use of these materials in biomedical applications. Herein, we investigate whether CeO2 nanoparticle administration can diminish right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy following four weeks of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, MCT only (60 mg/kg), or MCT + CeO2 nanoparticle treatment (60 mg/kg; 0.1 mg/kg). Compared to the control group, the RV weight to body weight ratio was 45% and 22% higher in the MCT and MCT + CeO2 groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Doppler echocardiography demonstrated that CeO2 nanoparticle treatment attenuated monocrotaline-induced changes in pulmonary flow and RV wall thickness. Paralleling these changes in cardiac function, CeO2 nanoparticle treatment also diminished MCT-induced increases in right ventricular (RV) cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, β-myosin heavy chain, fibronectin expression, protein nitrosylation, protein carbonylation and cardiac superoxide levels. These changes with treatment were accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of Bax/Bcl2, diminished caspase-3 activation and reduction in serum inflammatory markers. Taken together, these data suggest that CeO2 nanoparticle administration may attenuate the hypertrophic response of the heart following PAH. 相似文献
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Ryan Kohlbrenner K. Pallav Kolli Andrew G. Taylor Maureen P. Kohi Evan D. Lehrman Nicholas Fidelman Miles Conrad Jeanne M. LaBerge Robert K. Kerlan Robert Gould 《Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR》2017,28(8):1129-1135.e1
Purpose
To assess radiation dose reduction during uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) using an optimized angiographic processing and acquisition platform.Materials and Methods
Radiation dose data for 70 women (mean age, 46 y; range, 34–67 y) who underwent UFE were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one patients underwent UFE using the baseline fluoroscopic and angiographic image acquisition platform, and 49 underwent UFE after implementing an optimized imaging platform in otherwise identical angiography suites. Cumulative kerma-area product (CKAP), cumulative air kerma (CAK), total fluoroscopy time, and image exposure number were collected for each procedure. Image quality was assessed by 3 interventional radiologists blinded to the platform used for image acquisition and processing.Results
Patients undergoing UFE using the new x-ray fluoroscopy platform had significantly lower CKAP and CAK indicators than patients for whom baseline settings were used. Mean CKAP decreased by 60% from 438.5 Gy · cm2 (range, 180.3–1,081.1 Gy · cm2) to 175.2 Gy · cm2 (range, 47.1–757.0 Gy · cm2; P < .0001). Mean CAK decreased by 45% from 2,034.2 mGy (range, 699.3–5,056.0 mGy) to 1,109.8 mGy (range, 256.6–4,513.6 mGy; P = .001). No degradation of image quality was identified through qualitative evaluation.Conclusions
Significant reduction in patient radiation dose indicators can be achieved with use of an optimized image acquisition and processing platform. 相似文献8.
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Sachdev HS Fall CH Osmond C Lakshmy R Dey Biswas SK Leary SD Reddy KS Barker DJ Bhargava SK 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》2005,82(2):456-466
BACKGROUND: South Asians have a muscle-thin but adipose body phenotype and high rates of obesity-related disease. Adult body composition may be predictable in early life. OBJECTIVE: Anthropometric indexes of adult body composition were examined in relation to birth size and body mass index (BMI) during childhood. DESIGN: A population-based cohort of 1526 men and women aged 26-32 y in Delhi, India, who were measured sequentially from birth until 21 y of age were followed up. Adult weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. BMI and indexes of adiposity (sum of skinfold thicknesses), central adiposity (waist-hip ratio), and lean mass (residual values after adjustment of BMI for skinfold thicknesses and height) were derived. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 2851 g. As children, many subjects were underweight-for-age (>2 SDs below the National Center for Health Statistics mean; 53% at 2 y), but as adults, 47% were overweight, 11% were obese, and 51% were centrally obese (according to World Health Organization criteria). Birth weight was positively related to adult lean mass (P < 0.001) and, in women only, to adiposity (P = 0.006) but was unrelated to central adiposity. BMI from birth to age 21 y was increasingly strongly positively correlated with all outcomes. BMI and BMI gain in infancy and early childhood were correlated more strongly with adult lean mass than with adiposity or central adiposity. Higher BMI and greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence were associated with increased adult adiposity and central adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight and BMI gain during infancy and early childhood predict adult lean mass more strongly than adult adiposity. Greater BMI gain in late childhood and adolescence predicts increased adult adiposity. 相似文献
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Muthialu?NagarajanEmail author Shashi?Kumar?Varma Sundar?Ramanathan Padmanabhan?Chandrasekar Kolli?Madhusudana?Rao Srinivasan?Muralidharan 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2005,21(2):153-156
Background The purpose of this study is to examine our experience with aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts in patients
with proximal aortic disease.
Methods and Results Since 1986, 16 patients underwent aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts for various indications which were
Marfan's syndrome with annuloaortic ectasia (n=2), aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm (n=3), aortic stenosis
with regurgitation with poststenotic dilatation (n=9) and progressive aortic dilatation following AVR (n=2). There were 12
males and 4 females. The age range varied between 19 years and 52 years. The choice of conduit was a custom made valved graft
using a monoleaflet tilting disc valve (Medtronic Hall valve=11, St Vincent's valve=3, TTK Chitra=1 and Bjork Shiley Valve=1)
placed in a Dacron graft (Hemashield=13, Verisoft Cooley=3) prepared using a 4-0 polypropylene suture. The average time taken
to construct a valved graft was 20 min±8 min. The coronary implantation was by isolated button technique. There was no size
mismatch encountered in any patients. Postoperative bleeding necessitated a delayed sternal closure in 3 patients and re-exploration
in another 2. The immediate operative mortality was 2, the cause being ventricular arrhythmia in one and cerebrovascular accident
in other. Follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 16 years with a median follow-up of 12 months. One patient had an asymptomatic
perigraft collection and no intervention was needed. There was no valve related complications in any of these patients. There
was one late death of unknown cause.
Conclusions Aortic root replacement using a custom made composite graft offers excellent long-term results, with negligible mortality
rate and prosthesis related complications. Custom made grafts make this conduit easily affordable in our country and their
performance is comparable to other available composite grafts. 相似文献