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W A Githui S W Matu N Tunge E Juma 《The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease》2007,11(7):798-802
BACKGROUND: Although treatment of sputum using bleach has shown increased sensitivity in smear microscopy, the safety aspect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has not been addressed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biocidal effect of NaOCl on Mycobacterium tuberculosis when used as a safety measure in direct sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). METHOD: A total of 156 smear- and culture-positive pooled sputum specimens were assessed for the viability of M. tuberculosis after treatment with NaOCl. Each specimen was divided into 11 equal portions. One portion was directly cultured. Each of five portions was treated with 3.5% NaOCl and the other five with 5% NaOCl. Specimens were then cultured at intervals of 15 min and 1, 3, 15 and 24 h. RESULTS: A total of 18 (11.5%) specimens showed growth after treatment with NaOCl. Of these, 5 (3.2%) showed growth upon treatment with 3.5% NaOCl at 15 min and 15 and 24 h. Ten (6.4%) showed growth after treatment with 5% NaOCl between 15 min and 3 h, but none showed growth after 15 h. Three (1.9%) specimens showed growth in both concentrations. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary findings show that exposure of sputum to 5% NaOCl for at least 15 h may be a safety procedure in smear microscopy for the diagnosis of TB. However, further studies are warranted. 相似文献
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Carel Bron Michel Wensing Jo LM Franssen Rob AB Oostendorp 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2007,8(1):107
Background
Shoulder disorders are a common health problem in western societies. Several treatment protocols have been developed for the clinical management of persons with shoulder pain. However available evidence does not support any protocol as being superior over others. Systematic reviews provide some evidence that certain physical therapy interventions (i.e. supervised exercises and mobilisation) are effective in particular shoulder disorders (i.e. rotator cuff disorders, mixed shoulder disorders and adhesive capsulitis), but there is an ongoing need for high quality trials of physical therapy interventions. Usually, physical therapy consists of active exercises intended to strengthen the shoulder muscles as stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint or perform mobilisations to improve restricted mobility of the glenohumeral or adjacent joints (shoulder girdle). It is generally accepted that a-traumatic shoulder problems are the result of impingement of the subacromial structures, such as the bursa or rotator cuff tendons. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in shoulder muscles may also lead to a complex of symptoms that are often seen in patients diagnosed with subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tendinopathy. Little is known about the treatment of MTrPs in patients with shoulder disorders. 相似文献5.
P. G. Ngan S. Jayagopal E. N. George D. McGeorge A. Juma 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,30(4):189-194
A survey was carried out to ascertain the preference for donor site scar orientation in patients undergoing pedicled latissimus
dorsi breast reconstruction and their views on breast reconstruction in general. One hundred twelve women (59 Chinese, 53
Western) completed the questionnaire. Participants were asked to state their preferred scar orientation (i.e., oblique, horizontal,
or vertical) based on photographs showing the position of the scars. Demographic information and views on issues surrounding
breast reconstruction in general were also collected. Data was analyzed non-parametrically with chi-square test and t test. The mean age of participants was 39.5 years (20–73 years). Seventy-seven percent of the participants would opt for
an immediate breast reconstruction if offered (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent would have objection to the use of silicone implant as a whole or part of a reconstruction (p < 0.001). Vertical and horizontal scars were the preferred orientation, with no women choosing the oblique orientation as
their first choice (p < 0.001). The non-Chinese of 40 years or older, as well as Chinese women from all age groups, preferred the horizontal scar
(p < 0.05). We demonstrated that both culture and age impact on the preferred scar orientation in breast reconstruction. Women
in the age group we commonly reconstruct favored the horizontal scar. However, the younger women of non-Chinese origin tended
to favor the vertical scar. 相似文献
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We discuss the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis in a patient with the UroLume* urethral stent. This case demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging is a safe and effective modality for imaging tissue surrounding the stent. 相似文献
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Andres A; Morales JM; Praga M; Campo C; Lahera V; Garcia-Robles R; Rodicio JL; Ruilope LM 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(7):1437-1440
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin has been shown to facilitate renal vasoconstriction
and to have an antinatriuretic effect. The existence of an interference of
cyclosporin with the vasodilating properties of endothelium mediated by
nitric oxide production could mediate these effects. On the other hand, the
infusion of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine has been shown to induce
renal vasodilatation and to facilitate natriuresis in normal volunteers. We
have investigated the renal effects of the administration of an infusion of
L-arginine in renal transplant patients chronically treated with
cyclosporin. To facilitate the analysis of the data the effects of the
administration of a similar dose of cyclosporin on renal function during
the infusion of a vehicle were also investigated during the administration
of a vehicle of L-arginine. DESIGN: Ten male renal transplant patients,
chronically treated with cyclosporin and with a stable renal function were
studied during 2 consecutive days after the administration of the usual
morning dose of cyclosporin. The first day they received an intravenous
infusion of vehicle and the second the infusion of graded doses of
L-arginine (50, 100, 150 mg/kg/h) during 3 consecutive h. RESULTS: The
first day, after cyclosporin administration a significant fall (P <
0.01) was observed in natriuresis and kaliuresis in the absence of changes
in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. After the
administration of L-arginine significant (P < 0.01) increases of renal
plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and natriuresis were seen. The
increase in blood levels of cyclosporin after its administration did not
differ between days 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that
L-arginine facilitates renal vasodilatation and natriuresis in renal
transplant patients. Furthermore, the observed increase in sodium excretion
could indicate that L-arginine counteracts the antinatriuretic effect of
cyclosporin.
相似文献
10.
Does altered biomechanics cause marrow edema? 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21