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1.
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra‐ and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post‐translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4‐hydroxylases, 3‐hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases. 相似文献
2.
Martin R. Späth Malte P. Bartram Nicolàs Palacio-Escat K. Johanna R. Hoyer Cedric Debes Fatih Demir Christina B. Schroeter Amrei M. Mandel Franziska Grundmann Giuliano Ciarimboli Andreas Beyer Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu Susanne Brodesser Heike Göbel Jan U. Becker Thomas Benzing Bernhard Schermer Martin Höhne Markus M. Rinschen 《Kidney international》2019,95(2):333-349
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Seena Fazel Johanna Philipson Lisa Gardiner Rowena Merritt Martin Grann 《Journal of neurology》2009,256(10):1591-1602
The objectives of this study were to systematically review and meta-analyze the research literature on the association of common neurological disorders and violence. Keywords relating to neurological disorders and violence were searched between 1966 and August 2008. Case–control and cohort studies were selected. Odds ratios of violence risk in particular disorders compared with controls were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis with the data presented in forest plots. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify possible differences in risk estimates across surveys. Information on risk factors for violence was extracted if replicated in more than one study. Nine studies were identified that compared the risk of violence in epilepsy or traumatic brain injury compared with unaffected controls. For the epilepsy studies, the overall pooled odds ratio for violent outcomes was 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.96]. For traumatic brain injury, the odds ratio was 1.66 (95% CI 1.12–2.31). An additional 11 case–control studies investigated factors associated with violence in epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. It was not possible to meta-analyze these data. Comorbid psychopathology was associated with violence. Data on other neurological conditions was limited and unreplicated. In conclusion, although the evidence was limited and methodological quality varied, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury appeared to differ in their risk of violence compared with control populations. Longitudinal studies are required to replicate this review’s provisional findings that epilepsy is inversely associated with violence and that brain injury modestly increases the risk, and further research is needed to provide information on a broader range of risk factors. 相似文献
8.
Edda TÖPFER-PETERSEN Johanna AUERBECK Angelika WEISS A.E. FRIESS and W.-B. SCHILL 《Andrologia》1986,18(3):237-251
An antiserum to the purified porcine outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) was raised in female Balb/c mice and was characterized by means of an indirect ELISA. The hyperimmune serum reacted selectively with the acrosomal cap of the sperm head and showed an extremely good cross reactivity with bull and human spermatozoa when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold method further confirmed the specificity of the anti-OAM-antiserum for the OAM. In an effort to identify the OAM antigens recognized by the hyperimmune serum and to analyse the extent of cross reactivity on a molecular level, the SDS-extractable proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transblotted and immunoprinted using an 125J-conjugated anti-mouse-antibody. To facilitate functional and structural analysis of distinct OAM-proteins monoclonal antibodies were generated by hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with the splenocytes of female Balb/c mice immunized with the purified OAM. One fusion resulted in about 100 anti-OAM-antibodies secreting hybridoma cultures, of which about 30% showed cross reaction with human and bull spermatozoa. Four stable cell lines were selected for this study secreting antibodies directed against the outer acrosomal membrane of boar spermatozoa. Whereas the polyclonal immune mouse serum stained the entire acrosomal cap, the four hybridoma antibodies generated a patch-work-like immunofluorescence pattern over the acrosome. HPLC-ELISA of the solubilized OAM revealed first information on the nature of the corresponding membrane antigen. 相似文献
9.
P. Boissonnat M. de Lorgeril V. Perroux P. Salen A. M. Batt J. C. Barthelemy R. Brouard E. Serres J. Delaye 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,53(1):39-45
Objectives: Previous uncontrolled studies have suggested an interaction between ticlopidine, a major antiplatelet agent, and cyclosporin
in heart- and kidney-transplant recipients. The aims of this study were to examine in a randomised, double-blind fashion,
the possible interaction between cyclosporin A and ticlopidine (250 mg per day) and the tolerability of this combination in
heart-transplant recipients.
Methods: Twenty heart-transplant recipients were randomised into either a treated or a placebo group. Blood samples were drawn for
time-course evaluation of cyclosporin blood levels over a period of 12 h, following the morning intake of cyclosporin and,
for platelet aggregation studies, before and after 14 days of ticlopidine administration. Twenty four-hour urine samples were
collected for 6-β-hydroxycortisol measurements, before and after 14 days of ticlopidine.
Results: Although given at half the recommended daily dosage, ticlopidine significantly reduced platelet aggregation. Pharmacokinetic
parameters indicate that the bioavailability of cyclosporin A was not significantly modified by ticlopidine. However, one
patient in the ticlopidine group was withdrawn because of a major fall in cyclosporin blood level within 3 days of treatment.
Urinary excretion of 6-β-hydroxycortisol was augmented after treatment in the ticlopidine group compared with the placebo
group, suggesting that induction of drug metabolism might have occurred. Data also show quite a large intra-individual variability
in cyclosporin bioavailability in the placebo group, suggesting that poor absorption of the drug formulation and/or poor compliance
might have contributed to the decreased cyclosporin blood levels in the patient withdrawn from this study and in previous
uncontrolled studies.
Conclusion: Cyclosporin bioavailability was not clearly modified by a half dosage of ticlopidine in this study. We, however, recommend
closely monitoring cyclosporin blood levels when prescribing ticlopidine. Further studies will be needed with new formulations
of cyclosporin or when using the full dosage of ticlopidine.
Received: 20 July 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 12 February 1997 相似文献
10.
B Taillan G Barthelemy J P Routy F J Pedinielli F Zarrouk H Chardon A P Blanc 《Pathologie-biologie》1987,35(4):375-380
This article is concerned with a prospective study about the systematical, simultaneous and comparative assay of four biological markers (carcino-embryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, gammaglutamyl transferase and phosphohexose isomerase). This study was conducted in a department of Hematology and oncology on 258 patients. The dosage of each marker separately does not appear to be of diagnostical interest because of a lack of sensibility and specificity. But when there is a positive statistical correlation between several makers, their simultaneous dosage may allow the diagnostic of cancer and sometimes the determination of its origin. 相似文献