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Jacob P. Veenstra Bhaskar Vemu Restituto Tocmo Mirielle C. Nauman Jeremy J. Johnson 《Nutrients》2021,13(3)
Rosemary extract (RE) is an approved food preservative in the European Union and contains dietary phytochemicals that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This study investigated the effects of RE on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and also determined the pharmacokinetics of dietary phytochemicals administered to mice via oral gavage. Individual components of rosemary extract were separated and identified by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of two major diterpenes from RE, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CL), administered to mice via oral gavage were determined. Then, the effect of RE pre-treatment on the disease activity index (DAI) of DSS-induced colitis in mice was investigated. The study determined that 100 mg/kg RE significantly improved DAI in DSS-induced colitis compared to negative control. Sestrin 2 protein expression, which increased with DSS exposure, was reduced with RE treatment. Intestinal barrier integrity was also shown to improve via fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran administration and Western blot of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein. Rosemary extract was able to improve the DAI of DSS-induced colitis in mice at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and showed improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity. This study suggests that RE can be an effective preventative agent against IBD. 相似文献
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Objective:Till date, several studies have compared angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in terms of delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. But the superiority of one drug class over the other remains unsettled. This study has retrospectively compared the effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in diabetic nephropathy. The study aims to compare ACE inhibitors and ARBs in terms of delaying or preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy, association between blood pressure (B.P) and urinary albumin and also B.P and serum creatinine with ACE inhibitor and ARB, know the percentage of hyperkalemia in patients of diabetic nephropathy receiving ACE inhibitor or ARB.Results:The results reflect that ARBs (Losartan and Telmisartan) when compared to ACE inhibitor (Ramipril) are more effective in terms of delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy and also in providing renoprotection. Also, ARBs have the property of simultaneously decreasing the systolic B.P and albuminuria when compared to ACE inhibitor (Ramipril).Conclusions:Angiotensin receptor blockers are more renoprotective than ACE inhibitors and also provide better cardioprotection.KEY WORDS: Angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy 相似文献
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Snehal Kulkarni Khushboo Chaudhari Pooja Hingorani Dilip R. Karnad Gopi Krishna Panicker Jahnavi D. Narula Snehal N. Kothari 《Journal of electrocardiology》2018,51(6):991-995
Introduction
There are few published studies on reference ranges of ECG parameters in children; some ethnic differences have been described.Methods
We studied digital 12?lead ECGs (1000?samples/s) from 906 healthy rural Indian children (467 boys: 439 girls) aged 5–15?years. PR, QRS, and QT were measured using superimposed median beat. Age-wise normal limits (median, 2nd and 98th percentile) were defined.Results
Heart rate decreased while PR interval and QRS duration increased with age. QTcB interval remained unchanged from 5 to 12?years and decreased thereafter due to QTcB shortening in boys but not in girls. “Juvenile T wave pattern” was seen in 95% of children aged 5–8?years in lead V1 and 55–60% in V2, V3; it decreased with age. RV dominance (R/S?>?1) in lead V1 was seen in 13% at 5?years, 1% at 10?years and none at 14?years.Conclusion
Reference ranges in Indian children are similar to those in other ethnic groups. 相似文献6.
Elinore Kaufman Tara Lagu Nicholas S. Hannon Jahnavi Sagi Michael B. Rothberg 《European Journal of Internal Medicine》2013,24(3):222-226
BackgroundDespite the emergence of evidence-based medicine, gaps in medical knowledge are filled by tradition, common sense, and experience, giving rise to medical myths.MethodsWe explored the origins of and evidence related to four medical myths: patients with shellfish allergies should not receive intravenous contrast, patients with atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours' duration do not require anticoagulation before cardioversion, patients with suspected meningitis should have a computed tomography (CT) scan before a lumbar puncture, and patients with respiratory disease should not receive β-blockers. We conducted a literature review to describe each myth's origins and the quality of supporting evidence.ResultsAll patients with allergies, including but not limited to seafood allergies, are at an increased risk for anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast. No conclusive studies indicate that patients with atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours' duration do not require anticoagulation before cardioversion. A CT scan before lumbar puncture in suspected acute bacterial meningitis is a clinically inefficient precaution. β-blockers can be safely used in patients with respiratory disease and may even prevent cardiac events in these patients.ConclusionsThese familiar myths have maintained prominent roles in medical thinking because they represent wisdom passed down from eminent sources, they teach physiology and medical skills, and they offer physicians a sense of control in the face of uncertainty. In addition to providing scientific evidence, changing physicians' practice requires acknowledging that even meticulous care cannot always avert bad outcomes. 相似文献
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Hemmige V Snyder H Liao C Mayer K Lakshmi V Gandham SR Orunganti G Schneider J 《AIDS patient care and STDs》2011,25(12):725-734
A divide exists between categories of men who have sex with men (MSM) in India based on their sex position, which has consequences for the design of novel HIV prevention interventions. We examine the interaction between sex position and other attributes on existing HIV risk including previous HIV testing, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), and HIV serostatus among MSM recruited from drop-in centers and public cruising areas in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, India. A survey was administered by trained research assistants and minimally invasive HIV testing was performed by finger-stick or oral testing. HIV seropositive MSM underwent CD4+ lymphocyte count measurement. In our sample (n = 676), 32.6% of men were married to women, 22.2% of receptive only participants were married, and 21.9% of men were HIV seropositive. In bivariate analysis, sex position was associated with previous HIV testing, UAI, HIV serostatus, and CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis. In multivariate analysis with interaction terms, dual unmarried men were more likely to have undergone an HIV test than insertive unmarried men (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-6.5), a relationship that did not hold among married men. Conversely, dual married men were less likely than insertive married men to engage in UAI (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6), a relationship that did not hold among unmarried men. Further implementation research is warranted in order to best direct novel biologic and behavioral prevention interventions towards specific risk behaviors in this and other similar contexts. 相似文献
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