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1.
J.P. Flatt Ph.D. 《Nutrition reviews》1992,50(9):267-270
Ethanol account for a significant fraction of the energy intake of persons consuming even moderate amounts of alcohol. A recent study has shown that although alcohol does not reveal itself as a layer floating at the top of a drink, metabolically it behaves more like oil than sugar. 相似文献
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In view of the ability of ketones to partially replace glucose as an alternative fuel in the brain, the potential protective effects of diet-induced ketosis were examined in male NEDH rats with hypoglycaemia due to a serially transplantable radiation-induced insulinoma. Ketosis was induced by daily oral administration of medium chain triglycerides to normal rats and to insulinoma-bearing rats 1 day after subcutaneous subscapular implantation of tumours fragments. All rats treated with medium chain triglycerides became ketotic within 72 hours, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations remained 5-10 fold elevated at 24 days. Untreated insulinoma-bearing rats became moderately hyperinsuliaemic and hypoglycaemic by 17 days, with the later manifestation of more marked hyperinsulineamia (21.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) severe hypoglycaemia (1.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) and death by 24-28 (26 +/- 1) days. Induction and maintenance of hyperketonaemia did not affect the development of hyperinsulineamia, hypoglycaemia or the exaggerated fall of plasma glucose produced by an 8 hour fast in these rats. However by day 21, the severity of hypoglycaemia was greater in insulinoma-bearing rats receiving medium chain triglycerides, culminating in accelerated death by 22-25 (23 +/- 1) days and an accompanying 50% decrease in final tumour weight. These results demonstrate that induction of ketosis in the face of marked hyperinsulinaemia did not afford protection against the profound hypoglycaemia produced by a serially transplantable rat insulinoma. 相似文献
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To investigate the involvement of adrenergic mechanisms in the development of obesity, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in Aston ob/ob mice, the sympathomimetic agent ephedrine (12 mg/kg/day) and the predominantly beta 1-adrenergic antagonist atenolol (12 mg/kg/day) were administered alone and in combination to weanling ob/ob mice for 40 days. Excessive weight gain in ob/ob mice was reduced (15-20%) by ephedrine, exacerbated (8-10%) by atenolol, but not significantly altered by a combination of these agents. The effects of ephedrine and atenolol were lost rapidly (within 5 days) when these agents were withdrawn. Ephedrine slightly reduced the hyperphagia in ob/ob mice, and food intake was transiently increased above that of untreated ob/ob mice when this agent was withdrawn. The development of basal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia was not significantly altered by any of the treatments studied. None of the treatments significantly altered body weight, food intake, plasma glucose or plasma insulin concentrations in lean (+/+) mice. The results indicate that a defective adrenergic mechanism involving beta 1-adrenergic receptors contributes to the development of obesity in ob/ob mice. 相似文献
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Melanotic lesions in the internal organs of miniature swine 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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Cholecystokinin-decreased food intake in rhesus monkeys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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This study analyses the influence of female and male patient age and human
menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) requirements on clinical pregnancy rates and
live birth rates with ovulation stimulation using HMG in combination with
intrauterine insemination (IUI). In this study, 363 consecutive HMG/IUI
treatment cycles in 184 patients carried out at a university fertility
centre were analysed in a retrospective fashion. The main outcomes measured
were clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Increased female
partner age (> or = 35) and male partner age (> or = 40) were found
to negatively influence pregnancy rates with HMG/ IUI therapy. In addition,
this study demonstrated a critical threshold of HMG requirements beyond
which pregnancy did not occur. No pregnancies occurred in treatment cycles
requiring > 25 ampoules (1875 IU) of menotrophins to achieve follicular
maturity, irrespective of patient age. In conclusion, female partner age,
male partner age, and HMG requirements all significantly influence
pregnancy rates with HMG/IUI therapy.
相似文献