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排序方式: 共有1046条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Emma J. Walker Noni E. MacDonald Nehal Islam Nicole Le Saux Karina A. Top Deshayne B. Fell 《Vaccine》2019,37(13):1725-1735
Objective
To systematically review literature on uptake and timeliness of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, and/or polio-containing vaccines in infants who were born preterm, with a low birth weight, and/or with chronic health conditions that were diagnosed within the first 6?months of life.Methods
Using a standardized search strategy developed by a medical librarian, records were extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and CINAHL up to May 8, 2018.Results
Out of the 1997 records that were screened, we identified 21 studies that met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies assessed vaccine coverage and/or timeliness in preterm infants, 6 in low birth weight infants, and 7 in children with chronic health conditions. Estimates of coverage in these populations were highly variable, ranging from 40% to 100% across the vaccines and population groups.Conclusions
There is a lack of studies reporting coverage and timeliness of routine immunizations in special populations of children.Policy implications
Our review suggests a need for improved surveillance of immunization status in special populations of infants, as well as a need for standardization of reporting practices. 相似文献2.
3.
R. Fock H. Bergmann H. Bußmann G. Fell E.-J. Finke U. Koch M. Niedrig M. Peters D. Scholz A. Wirtz 《Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz》2001,44(10):969-980
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the majority of the influenza experts assume that an influenza pandemic might reemerge again at any time. Therefore WHO has called upon all member states to set up a national pandemic preparedness plan. For Germany such a plan is long overdue. In order to gain as much time as possible early identification of the pandemic virus is of highest priority. Furthermore progression of a pandemic is influenced by the time needed to develop a subtype specific vaccine as well as by the vaccines availability. However, in case of a pandemic a shortage of vaccines and prophylactic pharmaceuticals cannot be avoided. Therefore, decisions have to be made in order to establish priorities concerning the vaccination and the prophylactic and/or therapeutic antimicrobial treatment of selected sub-populations. There is also a need to lay down measures ensuring the distribution of vaccines and antiviral drugs, adequate health care and ambulance service, and the organization of dignified funerals of the deceased. It is also necessary to enter into an early agreement with vaccine manufacturers on a guaranteed supply of respective batches of vaccine doses. In addition procedures should be established to allow an increase in vaccine production in case of a pandemic. There is also a need for early agreements with the manufacturers of antiviral agents and for a decision concerning the establishment of a national stockpile to guarantee an adequate supply. Some measures must already be taken in the inter-pandemic period. Those are: enhancement of surveillance and research, development of new vaccines and new methods of vaccine production, licensing of new vaccines in case of a pandemic and establishment of a national influenza committee. Problems like the effectiveness of antiepidemic measures, such as immigration control and the closing of schools, must be solved in advance of a pandemic. 相似文献
4.
Brandon JC; Teplick SK; Haskin PH; Sammon JK; Muhr WF; Hofmann AF; Gambescia RA; Zitomer N 《Radiology》1988,166(3):665-667
The authors describe their experience with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in a larger series of patients than previously reported in order to acquaint physicians with both its effectiveness for dissolution of common bile duct calculi and the limitations of its use. Ten patients with 13 biliary calculi underwent percutaneous stone dissolution treatment with the experimental cholesterol solvent, MTBE. Three stones completely dissolved within 30 minutes, seven were reduced in size, and three were visibly unaffected. All stones not completely dissolved were easily extracted by means of a stone basket except for one in a patient taken to surgery. Although MTBE perfusion is an effective technique for management of biliary calculi, practitioners should be aware that its use is quite time consuming and its odor difficult to control. 相似文献
5.
Darai E; Leblanc M; Walker-Combrouze F; Bringuier AF; Madelenat P; Scoazec JY 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1346-1352
We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of cadherins and CD44
variants in 20 endometriomas, 20 cystadenomas, 20 borderline ovarian
tumours as well as 20 ovarian carcinomas, and the serological and cystic
fluid concentrations of soluble E-cadherin and soluble CD44 standard
(sCD44sdt) in 20 endometriomas, 20 cystadenomas, six borderline and 11
carcinomas of the ovary. In endometriomas, immunostaining of E- and
N-cadherin was negative (20 and 30% respectively). CD44 H, v3 and v6
immunostaining were detected in 63, 10 and 40% respectively. A difference
in immunostaining for E-cadherin was found between endometriomas and
cystadenomas (P < 0.001) and for N- cadherin between endometriomas and
carcinomas (P < 0.001). A difference in CD44H immunostaining was
observed between endometriomas and cystadenomas (P < 0.035) but not with
borderline ovarian tumours and carcinomas. No difference in serum
concentrations of soluble E- cadherins and CD44 standard was found between
the four groups of tumours. Cystic fluid concentrations of E-cadherin were
lower in endometriomas than in borderline tumours and ovarian carcinomas (P
< 0.001). High concentrations of soluble CD44 standard cystic fluid were
found in endometriomas than in other ovarian cysts. Endometriomas and
borderline tumours share alterations of cadherins and CD44 isoforms which
may help in the understanding of the aggressive and invasive potentials of
endometriotic cells.
相似文献
6.
Genital asymmetry in men 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined genital asymmetry in a large sample of men. The
probands were 6544 non-delinquent men who were interviewed by the Kinsey
Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction from 1938 to 1963.
The measures were four indicators of penile and scrotal asymmetry, along
with self-reported handedness, from Kinsey's interview protocol. Most men
reported some degree of lateral asymmetry in their flaccid penis and in
their testicles; less asymmetry was reported for their erect penis. The
asymmetry typically occurred in the left direction, and this pattern
occurred in both right- and nonright- handers. However, this 'leftward'
pattern was significantly less pronounced in nonright-handers. The results
are discussed in relation to previous findings of genital asymmetry in men,
the possible relationship of genital asymmetry to functional cerebral
asymmetry, and recent data suggesting genital asymmetry may predict
patterns of cognitive performance and genital/sexual organ cancers.
相似文献
7.
The need for a rapid and accurate method for the detection of fungal pathogens has become imperative as the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically. Herein, we tested the Luminex 100, a novel flow cytometer, for the detection of the medically important genus Trichosporon. This genus was selected as our proof-of-concept model due to the close phylogenetic relationship between the species. The method, which is based on a nucleotide hybridization assay, consists of a combination of different sets of fluorescent beads covalently bound to species-specific capture probes. Upon hybridization, the beads bearing the target amplicons are classified by their spectral addresses with a 635-nm laser. Quantitation of the hybridized biotinylated amplicon is based on fluorescence detection with a 532-nm laser. We tested in various multiplex formats 48 species-specific and group-specific capture probes designed in the D1/D2 region of ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer regions, and intergenic spacer region. Species-specific biotinylated amplicons were generated with three sets of primers to yield fragments from the three regions. The assay was specific and fast, as it discriminated species differing by 1 nucleotide and required less than 50 min following amplification to process a 96-well plate. The sensitivity of the assay allowed the detection of 10(2) genome molecules in PCRs and 10(7) to 10(8) molecules of biotinylated amplification product. This technology provided a rapid means of detection of Trichosporon species with the flexibility to identify species in a multiplex format by combining different sets of beads. 相似文献
8.
R D Fell S E Terblanche W W Winder J O Holloszy 《The American journal of physiology》1981,241(1):C55-C58
Rats were given a daily injection of L-epinephrine, 100 micrograms/100 g body wt, for 6 wk. The hearts of the epinephrine-treated animals were heavier (11.5%), and blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were lower than those of control rats. Acute responses to epinephrine were compared in the two groups. An increase in blood glucose and decreases in plasma insulin, liver glycogen, and muscle glycogen occurred in both groups. The magnitude of these responses were similar in the two groups except for the decrease in muscle glycogen, which was smaller in the chronic epinephrine-treatment group. There were no changes in respiratory capacity, citrate synthase or succinate dehydrogenase activities, or in cytochrome c concentration in skeletal muscle in response to 6 wk of epinephrine treatment. These results are compatible with the suggestion that catecholamines may play a role in some of the metabolic and cardiac adaptations to exercise training. However, they argue strongly against the hypothesis that catecholamines are responsible for inducing the increase in muscle mitochondria that occurs in response to exercise training. 相似文献
9.
Rats fed a diet deficient in copper were found, in comparison to control rats, to have lesions in the cortex, medulla and papilla of the kidney. Within the cortex, the lesions consisted of mild atrophy of the convoluted tubules, thickening of their basement membranes and fragmentation of the reticulin framework. In the medulla and papilla, selected zones of the loop of Henle were disorganized, with their epithelia appearing atrophied and their basement membranes fragmented and irregular. The epithelial cells of the collecting tubules were atrophied and vacuolated and their basement membranes thickened. Throughout the kidney, blood vessels were distented and engorged with large numbers of erythrocytes. The most likely explanation for these lesions is vascular underperfusion which could be due to a primary effect of copper deficiency on the kidney or could be secondary to the other cardiovascular lesions that are known to occur in copper deficiency. 相似文献
10.
Periodic limb movements in sleep in community-dwelling elderly. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The prevalence of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) in a randomly selected elderly sample is reported. In San Diego, 427 elderly volunteers aged 65 yr and over were recorded in their homes. Forty-five percent had a myoclonus index, MI greater than or equal to 5. Correlates of PLMS included dissatisfaction with sleep, sleeping alone and reported kicking at night. Although statistically significant, the strengths of the associations between interview variables and myoclonus indices were all small. No combination of demographic variables and symptoms allowed highly reliable prediction of PLMS. 相似文献