IFN-alpha1,8 inhibits tumor-induced angiogenesis in murine angiosarcomas.

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has proved effective in the treatment of hemangiomas, hemangioblastomas, and Kaposi's sarcoma. To investigate the ability of IFNs to inhibit angiosarcoma, we used two transformed murine endothelial cell lines that form angiosarcomas in vivo. SVR and MS1-VEGF cell lines express oncogenic H-ras or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. IFN-alpha1,8, which is active against murine and human cells, inhibited SVR and MS1-VEGF proliferation in vitro by 40% at 10(3) U/mL (p = 0.028). In vivo, IFN-alpha1,8 inhibited SVR tumor volume by 71% (p = 0.047) and MS1-VEGF volume by 79% (p = 0.003). Tumor-induced angiogenesis was decreased in SVR tumors by 52% (p = 0.005) and in MS1-VEGF tumors by 58% (p = 0.001). Sera from IFN-alpha1,8-treated mice bearing either SVR or MS1-VEGF tumors demonstrated a 5-fold increase in IP-10/CXCL10 (p = 0.001), an IFN-induced antiangiogenic protein. Both recombinant IP-10 and IFN-alpha1,8 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vessel formation in the fibrin gel assay, a three-dimensional culture model of angiogenesis, by 56% at 25 ng/mL and 50% at 1.2 ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). An IP-10 blocking antibody restored vessel formation to 80% of untreated controls (p = 0.001). Given the magnitude of the in vivo response, these data suggested that the antitumor effects of IFN-alpha1,8 were likely mediated through angiogenesis inhibition rather than solely by direct inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.     

Exercise intensity, training, diet, and lactate concentration in muscle and blood

With some, but not all, types and intensities of exercise, lactate accumulates in the blood and in the muscles engaged in the exercise. A great deal of attention has been directed towards attempting to understand the dynamics of lactate production and removal at the onset of exercise, during exercise, and during the recovery process following exercise. It has been hoped that an unravelling of these events would provide a key to understanding cellular metabolism and its regulation during exercise. The purpose of this introductory paper to a symposium on lactate is to present a brief overview of some of the conditions that influence the rate and magnitude of lactate accumulation during exercise. It is pointed out that many conditions influence the rate and magnitude of the accumulation of lactate in blood and muscles. Included are diet, state of physical fitness, and the type and duration of the exercise. We have cautioned against trying to evaluate the state of oxygen delivery to muscle and the state of tissue oxygenation from the appearance of lactate in blood. We have pointed out the positive aspects of lactate production based on how it augments the cellular supply of ATP, thereby allowing for high intensity exercise, and also the negative aspects that develop as a result the reduction in pH which adversely influences many cellular processes essential for muscular activity.     

尼日利亚翼状胬肉治疗状况的回顾性分析

目的:总结尼日利亚翼状胬肉的治疗现状。方法:选择1999-01/2002-12的4a期间的翼状胬肉手术患者,所有病例都来自于尼日利亚Enugu市的尼日利亚大学教学医院和Ebrans临床中心。收集这些患者的生理数据、临床表现、手术方法和术后并发症等资料,应用6.1版EPI-INFO方法进行数据处理。共选择3种不同的手术方法:60眼单纯施行巩膜暴露术,42眼施行联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的巩膜暴露术,22眼施行联合丝裂霉素C的巩膜暴露术。结果:72例(124眼)施行翼状胬肉切除术的患者,术后至少随访1a,包括男41例(56.9%),女31例(43.1%),男女比例为1∶0.8。术后复发率最高的在病变第III期(55.6%),最低在病变第I期(22.2%)。3种手术方法比较,复发率分别为65.0%、52%和13.6%。结论:在像尼日利亚这样的发展中国家,联合丝裂霉素的早期手术切除术,是一种安全性强、治疗费用低、方法简单且创伤小的治疗翼状胬肉的有效手段,值得推广。     

An analysis of injury rates after the seasonal change in rugby league.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the increase in the incidence of injury found for the first summer season in which rugby league (RL) was played in the UK was repeated in subsequent summer seasons. DESIGN: A retrospective and prospective cohort study design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Injuries were recorded from all players who took part in 141 games over 3 summer seasons (1997 to 1999) for 1 professional team. These were compared against rates from previously collected data for 3 earlier winter and 1 summer season. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: For each injury it was recorded in which season it occurred; how many games or training sessions, if any, were subsequently missed; the type, site and severity of injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Injuries were reported as rate per 1000 hours, also broken down into severity according to the number of games missed and whether subsequent training sessions were missed. RESULTS: A sustained increase in injury incidence has been found comparing summer RL over RL played in the winter. There was an increase in injury rates for all sites and types, but not all reached significance. CONCLUSIONS: Data collected over 6 seasons indicate a higher risk of sustaining an injury playing summer RL, but the cause may be related to a combination of factors. These may include the ground or weather conditions associated with summer rugby, player characteristics or changes in the game itself and future research needs to investigate these further.