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1.
Patient history and clinical examination are important for the diagnosis of degenerative joint disease. Here the typical statements of a patient suffering from early osteoarthritis are described and, as far as possible, explained. The joint in question must be systematically examined. Furthermore, the neighboring joints and soft-tissue structures, i.e., muscles, tendons etc., should be examined and evaluated with respect to their importance in hindering the functional chain. The neuroreflectory mechanisms involved herein are described. 相似文献
2.
In this study newly diagnosed male and female lung cancer patients admitted to two Ontario Cancer Foundation treatment clinics were interviewed. Information was obtained on demographic variables, presence of other chronic illness and the following psychosocial attributes: locus of control, social support and personality traits. From the clinic charts, information on stage of disease and pathological diagnosis was obtained. After controlling for the effects of stage and pathological diagnosis, the following psychological variables were found to increase the odds of death from lung cancer among males and females combined at one year after diagnosis: a high need for one aspect of social support, a reserved personality and the extremes of the personality trait soberness vs enthusiasm. 相似文献
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A methodological review of non-therapeutic intervention trials employing cluster randomization, 1979-1989 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
A methodological review is presented of 16 non-therapeutic intervention trials published over the last decade which have randomized intact clusters rather than individuals in treatment groups. Each of the trials was surveyed as to the information supplied on six methodological criteria. Although there is increasing recognition of the methodological issues associated with cluster randomization, many investigators are still not aware of the impact of this design on sample size requirements and analysis considerations. Investigators are urged to publish the cluster-specific event rates observed in their trials as a guide for the planning of future studies. 相似文献
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6.
F Tannouri F Rypens M O Peny J C Noël C Donner J Struyven F Avni 《Journal of ultrasound in medicine》1998,17(1):63-66
EFE is a rare cardiac disorder with poor prognosis and uncertain cause. Primary and secondary forms have been described. Most authors consider that all EFE is secondary--a reactive process set off in the endocardium by stress on the myocardium. We report two cases representing the primary dilated form and the secondary contracted form. The dilated form was associated with intracavitary thrombus of the left ventricle. In both cases, an unusual presence of subendocardial calcifications was noted. The ultrasonographic findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Graves' disease (GD) are autoimmune endocrinopathies and associated with distinct HLA-DR and -DQ alleles as well as several tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) and β (TNF-β) alleles. TNF-α and TNF-β interact with TNF receptor (TNF-R), of which two subtypes have been described: TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. We investigated TNF-R2 alleles in 90 patients with IDDM, 101 with GD and 70 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was amplified with specific flanking primers for the untranslated 3 region of TNF-R2. SSCP analysis revealed two alleles by different fragment patterns: TNF-R2*1 and TNF-R2*2. Patients with IDDM or Graves' disease and controls did not differ significantly: TNF-R2*1/*1:IDDM(8%)/GD(2%)/KO(4%); TNF-R2*2/*2:IDDM(34%)/GD(48%)/KO(42%), heterozygosity TNF-R2*1/*2:IDDM(58%)/GD(50%)/KO(54%) (IDDM vs KO: P =0.46, χ2 =1.57; GD vs KO: P =0.59, χ2 =1.05). In conclusion, the studied polymorphism of TNF-R2 was associated with neither IDDM nor GD in a German population. 相似文献
9.
Krushkal J; Xiong M; Ferrell R; Sing CF; Turner ST; Boerwinkle E 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(9):1379-1383
Elevated blood pressure is an important risk factor for renal-, cerebro-
and cardiovascular diseases. We used an efficient discordant sib-pair
ascertainment scheme to investigate the impact of the distal end of the
long arm of human chromosome 5 (chromosomal region 5q31.1-qter) containing
genes for the alpha1B and beta2 adrenergic receptors and the dopamine
receptor type 1A on variation of systolic blood pressure in young
Caucasians. We measured eight highly polymorphic markers spanning this
positional candidate gene-rich region in 427 individuals from 55
three-generation pedigrees containing 69 discordant sibling pairs, and
calculated multipoint identity by descent (MIBD) probabilities. The results
of genetic linkage and association tests indicate that the region between
markers D5S2093 and D5S462 is significantly linked to one or more
polymorphic genes influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood
pressure levels. Since the alpha1B adrenergic receptor and dopamine
receptor type 1A genes are located close to these markers, these data
suggest that genetic variation in one or both of these G protein-coupled
receptors, which participate in the control of vascular tone, plays an
important role in influencing interindividual variation in systolic blood
pressure levels.
相似文献
10.
Histologic distinction between malignant mesothelioma,benign pleural lesion and carcinoma metastasis
W. S. Kwee R. W. Veldhuizen R. P. Golding H. Mullink J. Stam R. Donner Mathilde E. Boon 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1982,397(3):287-299
Summary Thirty men and 7 women with malignant mesothelioma seen at the Free University Hospital from 1st January 1960 until 1st July 1981 were reviewed.The histological, histochemical and morphometrical findings are reported. These findings are compared with 25 cases of pleural metastatic carcinoma and 25 cases of reactive pleural lesions.Fourty-nine percent of malignant mesotheliomas produced hyaluronic acid, however all cases of pleural metastatic carcinomas failed to produce this substance. All cases of malignant mesothelioma were D-PAS negative while 15 cases of pleural metastatic carcinoma showed reactivity to D-PAS. All cases of malignant mesothelioma and 9 cases of metastases were CEA negative.To distinguish malignant mesothelioma from metastases it is advisable to perform the D-PAS staining first. If it is negative mesothelioma can be confirmed by showing hyaluronic acid activity. A positive CEA staining rules out mesothelioma. In our study it was shown that with these methods 18 of 37 mesotheliomas could be identified with certainty, and 22 of the 25 carcinoma metastases.Morphometrically the malignant mesotheliomas could not be distinguished from the metastases, however the reactive pleural lesions had smaller nuclei than the malignant cells with mean values below 30 mu2. In the malignant cases these values had a range from 36 to 101 mu2.In distinguishing between reactive pleural lesions and malignant mesothelioma the production of hyaluronic acid points to the malignant character of the lesion.Thus histochemistry and immunostaining are important in the distinction of malignant mesothelioma from metastases, while the value of morphometry lies mainly in the separation of reactive lesions from malignant mesothelioma. 相似文献