黑柴胡中新三萜皂甙的结构鉴定

从黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff)根中分离出10个化合物,均为首次由该植物中获得。其中二个新三萜皂甙,即柴胡皂甙k和l(saikosaponin k and l),其结构经紫外、红外、核磁共振氢谱,碳谱和质谱等波谱测定和解析,分别确定为3β,16β,23,28-四羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃呋糖甙和3β,16α,23,28,30-五羟基齐墩果烷-11,13(18)-二烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃呋糖甙。     

Recombinant human interleukin-11 stimulates multilineage hematopoietic recovery in mice after a myelosuppressive regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a novel multifunctional hematopoietic cytokine capable of stimulating cells of the myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages in vitro. We have tested the pleiotropic properties of this cytokine on the hematopoietic recovery of mice after a combined regimen of sublethal irradiation and carboplatin administration. This regimen results in severe myelosuppression, characterized by a prolonged period of thrombocytopenia and severe anemia. Administration of recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11; 250 micrograms/kg/d) had multilineage effects on bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic activity, increasing the number of megakaryocyte, erythroid, granulocyte, and macrophage progenitors compared with the vehicle-treated controls. This was reflected in the peripheral circulation by a reduction of both the platelet and hematocrit nadirs and a significantly reduced period of thrombocytopenia and anemia in the rhIL-11-treated mice. The results from this study support the broad spectrum of biologic activities that have been attributed to rhIL-11 in vitro and suggest that this cytokine may be an effective agent in the treatment of myelosuppression associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.     

Correlation between unit activity of the leech Retzius cells and fluorescence of the RNA acridine derivative in the same neurons

Secondary fluorescence of leech Retzius cells stained with acridine orange was studied. In response to stimulation of the ventral nerve cord by square pulses (1/sec, 40 sec) there is an increase in fluorescence at 530 nm, which coincides in time with a change in unit activity and depolarization of the membrane potential. Although fluorescence and electrical activity were studied in different animals, the procedures applied to the neuron were the same and a possible correlation between electrogenesis and conformational changes in the nucleic acids can be postulated.     

Evaluation of the blood coagulating system in acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages by thromboelastographic data]

Coagulation properties were studied thromboelastographically in 76 patients with acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages due to ulcerous disease of the stomach and duodenum, hemorrhagic gastritis and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. A certain regularity was revealed, i. e. the more profuse the hemorrhage the more frequent hypocoagulation associated with high fibrinolysis rate. With this in view transfusion therapy should be aimed not only at the replacement of circulary blood bolume but also at the suppression of high fibrinolytic activity of blood.     

Naltrexone for heroin dependence treatment in St. Petersburg, Russia

Naltrexone may be more effective for treating opioid (heroin) dependence in Russia than in the U.S. because patients are mostly young and living with their parents, who can control medication compliance. In this pilot study we randomized 52 consenting patients who completed detoxification in St. Petersburg to a double blind, 6-month course of biweekly drug counseling and naltrexone, or counseling and placebo naltrexone. Significant differences in retention and relapse favoring naltrexone were seen beginning at 1 month and continuing throughout the study. At the end of 6 months, 12 of the 27 naltrexone patients (44.4%) remained in treatment and had not relapsed as compared to 4 of 25 placebo patients (16%; p<0.05). Since heroin dependence is the main way HIV is being spread in Russia, naltrexone is likely to improve treatment outcome and help reduce the spread of HIV if it can be made more widely available.     

Aspects of hypertensive heart in arterial hypertension and insulin-resistant syndrome]

61 patients with essential hypertension stage II were examined using echocardiography, Holter ECG monitoring, assessment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, hormonal profile of arterial hypertension (AH). AH criterium associated with insulin resistance was combination of AH with at least one of the components of the "death four": obesity, hypertriglyceridemia diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertensive heart in AH associated with insulin resistance is severe left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic myocardial dysfunction. The above disturbances appear prior to elevated blood levels of insulin and aldosteron suggesting the role of the hereditary factors. In hypertensive heart in the syndrome at late stages paroxysmal fibrillation is seen. Episodes of coronary events and ventricular arrhythmia arose irrespective of insulin resistance syndrome.