运动学对线与机械对线全膝关节置换早期临床结果比较

目的探讨并对比分析应用专用工具的运动学对线全膝关节置换和机械对线全膝关节置换的早期临床结果。 方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2021年3月间，在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院因膝骨关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换术，术后随访时间大于3个月且随访资料完整的患者，排除类风湿性关节炎等炎性关节病、髌股关节严重对位不良以及既往有膝关节侧副韧带或后交叉韧带损伤的患者；按对线方法分为专用工具运动学对线全膝关节置换(KA-TKA)组和机械对线全膝关节置换(MA-TKA)组，记录手术前后髋－膝－踝(HKA)角度，术前及术后3个月的膝关节临床评分(KS-C)和膝关节功能评分(KS-F)，术后3个月的遗忘关节评分(FJS)，采用独立样本t检验行统计学分析。 结果共有162例患者纳入研究，其中KA-TKA组82例，MA-TKA组80例。两组患者术后HKA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后3个月KA-TKA组患者的KS-C评分(t＝2.259)、KS-F评分(t＝1.994)和FJS评分(t＝2.945)均高于MA-TKA组，两组间差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。 结论KA-TKA与MA-TKA相比，术后下肢力线相似，具有更好的临床评分表现和更高的膝关节功能表现，以及更高的FJS评分。     

Deep dyslexia: Theoretical implications for reading and rehabilitation

Abstract

Research on a complex phenornenon such as reading is not unlike investigations which are undertaken m detective stories. Let us consider the data involved in these stories. Conan Doyle or Agatha Christie, for instance, start out by setting a given enigma with a large and eclectic collection of data (such as pieces of paper, footprints, and so on); all these isolated facts or events are connected in some unknown way to the phenomenon to be explained, that is, the mysterious murder at hand. These data constitute the pieces of a rather difficult type of puzzle whose solution requires, on the one hand, the explanation of the murder and on the other, triggers such an explanation. In other words, attempts to fit the given data and to find who the murderer is, are interactively linked. The reader has a hard time solving the problem and does not always succeed; often, his or her intuition relies upon some highly plausible hypothesis. But beware of any ready made explanation, which perfectly fits some part of the puzzle! It is well known indeed that it is all the pieces ofa puzzle which must fit nicely together. Detective stories are built to fulfil this requirement; we acknowledged (at the end of the book) the given solution as the right explanation to the enigma, only because it obviously provides fuU coherence to the given pattern of remote data.     

Practice Management Training in the PGY1 Residency Year: Best Practices From Two Nationwide Surveys

Purpose:

The development of future pharmacy leaders is vital to the advancement of our profession. Postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency training requires residents to exercise leadership and practice management skills. Two national surveys were conducted to describe the current state of practice management experiences and elucidate best practice recommendations.

Methods:

The surveys, online multiple choice and free response, queried American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)–accredited residency program practice management preceptors (survey 1) and PGY1 residents (survey 2) and were distributed via the ASHP residency program directors’ listserv. Responses were reviewed and analyzed by members of the University HealthSystem Consortium Pharmacy Council Strategic Initiatives and Programming Committee.

Results:

Survey 1, completed by 240 institutions, identified that a combination of concentrated and longitudinal practice management experiences were used most frequently (47%), followed by concentrated alone (33%). Universally noted activities included meeting attendance (98%), projects (94%), and committee involvement (92%). Sixty-seven percent of the programs changed the experience in the previous 3 years, with 43% planning changes in the coming year. Survey 2 was completed by 58 PGY1 residents from 42 programs. Most (80%) residents stated they had enough time with their preceptors, and 55% rated their enjoyment of the rotation as 4 or 5 on a 1 to 5 scale (5 = most enjoyed)

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that there is not a best practice for the structure or content of the PGY1 practice management experience. These results highlight key recommendations, including the need for practice management-specific preceptor development, incorporation of longitudinal experiences, and more practice management and leadership activities.Key Words: administration, leadership, residency, training     

Dynamics of lipid peroxidation in isoprenaline-induced myocardiopathy.

The dynamics of lipid peroxidation in isoprenaline-induced myocardiopathy was studied in rats. Spontaneous and Fe(II)- catalyzed generation of malondialdehyde (MDA)-like products and chemiluminescence in the heart, liver and brain homogenates were measured. The increase in the interval between treatment of rats with isoprenaline and their killing up to 48 hours led to an increase in MDA content in the heart. Both spontaneous and Fe(II)-induced chemiluminescence also reached their maxima after 48 hours. These data show that well expressed lipid peroxidation in the rat heart occurs approximately 48 hours after isoprenaline application. Isoprenaline metabolization in the liver leads to generation of activated oxygen species which are able to induce lipid peroxidation in the presence of Fe(II). The treatment of rats with isoprenaline caused well-expressed lipid peroxidation in the brain. The maximum of this process occurred approximately 36 hours after isoprenaline application. The results show that both spontaneous and Fe(II)-induced chemiluminescence might be used for the estimation of lipid peroxidation in rat heart homogenates.     

硒纳米颗粒对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠的治疗效果及抗炎作用机制研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)模型大鼠应用硒纳米颗粒治疗的效果及可能机制。方法20只雄性SD大鼠,使用Ⅱ型胶原+弗氏完全佐剂制备RA模型,将造模成功19只随机分为RA组10只和硒纳米颗粒组9只。硒纳米颗粒组将硒纳米颗粒6 mg/kg溶于生理盐水灌胃,RA组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,均1次/d,连续3周。灌胃第5、10、15、20天,测量2组足体积,评定关节炎指数,采用Western blot法检测血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)相对表达量,采用ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)相对表达量;灌胃第21天处死大鼠,取踝关节关节软骨以及软骨下骨行组织病理学检查。结果灌胃第5、10、15、20天,硒纳米颗粒组足体积[(2.28±0.16)、(2.87±0.21)、(2.99±0.25)、(2.51±0.18)mL]较RA组[(2.64±0.19)、(3.79±0.27)、(3.98±0.32)、(3.61±0.28)mL]小(P<0.05),关节炎指数(2.12±0.25、6.31±0.72、6.57±0.80、5.26±0.62)较RA组(2.45±0.36、8.26±0.91、9.03±0.82、7.54±0.73)低(P<0.05),血清IL-6表达吸光度值(1.56±0.03、1.48±0.04、1.51±0.03、1.42±0.04)、TNF-α表达吸光度值(1.52±0.03、1.53±0.05、1.46±0.04、1.41±0.03)、COX-2相对表达量(1.39±0.03、1.35±0.03、1.36±0.04、1.31±0.02)较RA组(IL-6:1.85±0.05、1.88±0.03、1.76±0.04、1.92±0.03;TNF-α:1.79±0.04、1.83±0.03、1.82±0.02、1.86±0.03;COX-2:1.59±0.04、1.67±0.05、1.64±0.04、1.66±0.05)低(P<0.05),GSH-Px相对表达量(0.65±0.03、0.69±0.05、0.67±0.04、0.72±0.06)较RA组(0.43±0.03、0.38±0.02、0.39±0.03、0.32±0.02)高(P<0.05);与RA组比较,硒纳米颗粒组大鼠关节滑膜组织受损较轻,细胞排列较为紧密,炎症细胞浸润明显改善。结论硒纳米颗粒可通过调控血清GSH-Px、COX-2、IL-6、TNF-α表达起抗炎作用,有效改善RA模型大鼠病情。     

Clinical epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction in Kuwait

OBJECTIVE: We studied the clinical epidemiological features of patients with AMI treated at a major hospital in Kuwait. The objectives of the study were to determine (i) personal and clinical characteristics of patients; (ii) prevalence of major risk factors among the patients; and (iii) factors associated with in-hospital morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients (n = 126) who fulfilled the standard diagnostic criteria for AMI and treated at the CCU of the study hospital during the calendar year 1996 were included in the study. Patients were identified from the CCU register and information was extracted from the medical records. Multiple logistic regression was performed to study the factors independently associated with in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Of the 126 patients, 84.9% were men and 15.1% were women; and 40.5% were Kuwaiti nationals and 59.5% were expatriates. On average, male patients were younger than females (mean age = 52.4 +/- 10.4 years vs. 60.2 +/- 10.2 years), and male expatriates were the youngest sub-group in the study (mean age = 49.7 +/- 8.7 years). Overall, history of diabetes, hypertension, and CHD was recorded in 44.4%, 29.6%, and 16.8% of the patients, respectively. About 58% of the male patients were current smokers and the prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in expatriates compared with Kuwaiti patients (62% vs 36%, respectively). Kuwaiti nationals had a significantly high prevalence of diabetes compared with the expatriates (57% vs 36%, respectively). There was a significant trend in increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and CHD with age whereas smoking was most prevalent (87%) in the youngest age group. As for the clinical features, 70.5% of the patients presented within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, 73% presented with ST-segment elevation (40.5% with inferior, 32.5% with anterior ST-segment elevation), and fibrinolytic therapy was given to 63.6% of the patients. About half of the patients had an admission blood glucose level of > or = 10 mmol/l, and 70.6% had a fasting blood glucose level of > or = 6.1 mmol/l one day after admission. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, old age (> 60 years), anterior MI, and admission blood glucose level of > or = 10 mmol/l were found to be significantly associated with in-hospital cardiac morbidity. The in-hospital case fatality was about 6%. Old age and history of CHD were found to be the significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Control of smoking and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diabetes may reduce the burden of AMI-related morbidity and mortality.     

Subpathway-GMir: identifying miRNA-mediated metabolic subpathways by integrating condition-specific genes,microRNAs, and pathway topologies

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate disease-relevant metabolic pathways. However, most current pathway identification methods fail to consider miRNAs in addition to genes when analyzing pathways. We developed a powerful method called Subpathway-GMir to construct miRNA-regulated metabolic pathways and to identify miRNA-mediated subpathways by considering condition-specific genes, miRNAs, and pathway topologies. We used Subpathway-GMir to analyze two liver hepatocellular carcinomas (LIHC), one stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and one type 2 diabetes (T2D) data sets. Results indicate that Subpathway-GMir is more effective in identifying phenotype-associated metabolic pathways than other methods and our results are reproducible and robust. Subpathway-GMir provides a flexible platform for identifying abnormal metabolic subpathways mediated by miRNAs, and may help to clarify the roles that miRNAs play in a variety of diseases. The Subpathway-GMir method has been implemented as a freely available R package.     

What are subcutaneous adipocytes really good for…?

Abstract: Our acute awareness of the cosmetic, psychosocial and sexual importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue contrasts dramatically with how poorly we have understood the biology of this massive, enigmatic, often ignored and much‐abused skin compartment. Therefore, it is timely to recall the exciting, steadily growing, yet underappreciated body of evidence that subcutaneous adipocytes are so much more than just ‘fat guys’, hanging around passively to conspire, at most, against your desperate attempts to maintain ideal weight. Although the subcutis, quantitatively, tends to represent the dominant architectural component of human skin, conventional wisdom confines its biological key functions to those of energy storage, physical buffer, thermoregulation and thermoinsulation. However, already the distribution of human superficial adipose tissue, by itself, questions how justified the popular belief is that ‘skin fat’ (which actually may be more diverse than often assumed) serves primarily thermoinsulatory purposes. And although the metabolic complications of obesity are well appreciated, our understanding of how exactly subcutaneous adipocytes contribute to extracutaneous disease – and even influence important immune and brain functions! – is far from complete. The increasing insights recently won into subcutaneous adipose tissue as a cytokine depot that regulates innate immunity and cell growth exemplarily serve to illustrate the vast open research expanses that remain to be fully explored in the subcutis. The following public debate carries you from the evolutionary origins and the key functional purposes of adipose tissue, via adipose‐derived stem cells and adipokines straight to the neuroendocrine, immunomodulatory and central nervous effects of signals that originate in the subcutis – perhaps, the most underestimated tissue of the human body. The editors are confident that, at the end, you shall agree: No basic scientist and no doctor with a serious interest in skin, and hardly anyone else in the life sciences, can afford to ignore the subcutaneous adipocyte – beyond its ample impact on beauty, benessence and body mass.