全文获取类型
收费全文 | 663篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 4篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 113篇 |
口腔科学 | 18篇 |
临床医学 | 55篇 |
内科学 | 194篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 19篇 |
特种医学 | 33篇 |
外科学 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 28篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 40篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 36篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 33篇 |
2012年 | 47篇 |
2011年 | 60篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1941年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有711条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Branislav Radovancevic Alessandro Golino Bojan Vrtovec Cynthia D Thomas Rajko Radovancevic Peggy Odegaard Charles C van Rossem Sebastiaan J M Gaemers William K Vaughn Frank W Smart O H Frazier 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2005,24(6):703-707
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support is associated with coagulopathy, bleeding, increased blood transfusion, and increased anti-HLA antibody production. Increased anti-HLA antibody production is associated with early transplant rejection, transplant coronary artery disease (CAD), and decreased post-transplant survival rates. We asked whether bridging to transplantation with an LVAD increases the risk of transplant CAD. METHODS: We reviewed data for all adults (>18 years old) who underwent heart transplantation at our institution between 1988 and 2000. After exclusion of transplant recipients who survived <3 years, we divided the remaining cohort into 2 groups: those bridged to transplantation with LVADs (mean duration of support, 149 +/- 107 days, n = 29) and those in United Network for Organ Sharing Status 1 bridged to transplantation without LVADs (controls, n = 86). We compared groups in terms of disease cause, age, sex, donor age, panel-reactive antibody testing, crossmatching, pre- and post-transplant cholesterol concentrations, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or treated hypertension, infections, calcium channel blocker use, transplant rejection, ischemic time, cytomegalovirus infection, pre-transplant transfusion, and incidence of transplant CAD (defined as any coronary lesion identified by coronary angiography). We considered p < 0.05 to be significant. RESULTS: The bridged and control groups were similar in all respects except mean ischemic time (217 +/- 58 minutes vs 179 +/- 67 minutes, p = 0.007), post-transplant cholesterol concentration (212 +/- 55 mg/dl vs 171 +/- 66 mg/dl, p = 0.007), and pre-transplant transfusion incidence (100% vs 22%, p < 0.001). The incidence of transplant CAD was similar in both groups during a 3-year follow-up period (28% vs 17%, p = 0.238) and during total follow-up (34% vs 35%, p = 0.969). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified cholesterol concentration at 1 year after transplantation as a significant predictor of CAD at 3 years after heart transplantation (p = 0.0029, odds ratio = 0.984). CONCLUSIONS: Bridging to transplantation with an LVAD does not increase the risk of transplant CAD. Nevertheless, aggressive prophylactic therapy to minimize potential risk factors for transplant CAD, such as increased cholesterol concentration, is warranted in all transplant recipients. 相似文献
2.
Cellular receptors for matrix proteins in normal human kidney and human mesangial cells 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
In the present study we evaluated the distribution of cell adhesion molecules, referred as very late antigens (VLA), in the normal human kidney and in mesangial cells in culture (MC). In addition, we assessed the functional properties of VLA proteins on MC. Normal human kidney and MC were stained by immunoperoxidase with mouse monoclonal antibodies to VLA proteins. We demonstrated that VLA-3, a protein that binds FN, laminin and collagen, is the predominant VLA protein in the human glomerulus and on MC. VLA-3 is located in the mesangium and on the glomerular visceral epithelial cell and endothelial cell surfaces in contact with the glomerular basement membrane. VLA-1 was demonstrated in the glomerular mesangium and VLA-5, an FN specific receptor, was present in the mesangium on glomerular endothelial cells and on MC. VLA-2 and VLA-4 were not present in the normal glomerulus nor on MC. In functional studies we evaluated the binding of MC to FN coated surfaces and the binding and phagocytosis of FN coated fluorescent beads by MC. We showed that MC bind to FN coated surfaces and that the binding is inhibited by anti-FN antibodies, EDTA and peptides containing the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). In addition, anti-VLA-5 but not anti-VLA-3 antibodies inhibited significantly the binding of MC to FN, MC demonstrated binding and phagocytosis of FN coated beads and, purified FN inhibited both phenomena. By affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation we demonstrated that MC FN binding proteins and MC VLA proteins are composed of two distinct protein chains that have Mr characteristics similar to those of normal human fibroblasts VLA proteins. In conclusion, the glomerular distribution of VLA-3 suggests that this protein is primarily involved on the adhesion of glomerular cells to basement membranes and matrix. MC FN receptors (VLA-5) mediate the binding of MC to FN and could mediate the phagocytosis of FN coated antigen or immune complexes by mesangial cells. 相似文献
3.
4.
Bojan Pajic Grigoris Pallas Gerding Heinrich Matthias Böhnke 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2006,244(1):22-27
Purpose It was the aim of this study to investigate the efficacy, longevity, and safety of a new ab interno intervention for the treatment
of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods The previously described method of radiofrequency-mediated “sclerothalamotomy ab interno” was applied in 53 eyes of consecutive
patients with POAG between April 2002 and July 2002. Average preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 25.6±2.3 mmHg (range
18–48 mmHg). Sclerothalamotomies were carried out with a custom-made high-frequency dissection 19 G probe (tip 0.3×1 mm) applying
bipolar current with a frequency of 500 kHz (tip temperature 130°C).
Results After a follow-up period of 24 months, the average IOP was 15.0±1.6 mmHg (range 11–20 mmHg) (p<0.005). The average number of topical agents was 2.6±1.0 (range 1–5) preoperatively. Twenty-four months after surgery such
agents were used in only five (9.6%) eyes and the average was 0.21±0.53 (range 0–2). Transient IOP elevation was observed
in 12 of 53 eyes (22.6%) postoperatively. In all cases elevated IOP could efficiently be controlled with topical medication.
In general, IOP dropped continuously over the course of the 6 months following surgery and then remained constant.
Conclusions This study indicates that sclerothalamotomy ab interno is a safe and efficient surgical method for the treatment of POAG.
Long-term results clearly demonstrate the longevity of IOP reduction. 相似文献
5.
6.
T D Green D D Sedmak M P Grose N C Featheringham J C Neff 《American journal of clinical pathology》1992,97(6):854-857
A qualitative, visually interpreted, rapid, and synthetic peptide-based anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) antibody immunoassay has been developed that may be of value in situations in which rapid determination of HIV-1 status is important. Because questions have been raised about the accuracy of rapid anti-HIV-1 assays, the sensitivity, specificity, interobserver and intraobserver variability of the Genie HIV-1 assay (Genetics Systems, Seattle, WA) were determined. Sera from 56 patients with HIV-1 infections documented by enzyme immunoassay and western blot tested positive by this assay. Enzyme immunoassay- and western blot-negative sera from 30 visceral organ transplant donors were negative using the Genie assay. Specificity was examined further by testing sera from 29 patients hospitalized with a variety of medical disorders, including acute bacterial pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, monoclonal gammopathy, and high titer antinuclear or antimitochondrial antibodies. Two of these patients were reactive with the enzyme immunoassay, both of which tested negative by western blot. All 29 tested negative using the Genie assay. In addition, sera from five patients with repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassays and negative western blots tested negative by the Genie system. There was 100% agreement in interobserver and intraobserver studies. With the western blot as the reference method, the Genie assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity and there was no observer variability. 相似文献
7.
C G Orosz A van Buskirk D D Sedmak P Kincade K Miyake R P Pelletier 《Immunology letters》1992,32(1):7-12
Murine heterotopic cardiac isografts (C57B1/6----C57B1/6) undergo transient, non-destructive inflammation that is characterized by the acquisition of microvascular endothelial reactivity with the antibody MECA 32. Cardiac allografts (C57B1/6----DBA/2) undergo destructive inflammation that is characterized by the acquisition of reactivity with the antibody M/K-2, in addition to MECA 32. M/K-2 recognizes the murine endothelial adhesion molecule, VCAM-1. Hence, there appear to be antigen-dependent and antigen-independent forms of graft inflammation. Treatment of cardiac allograft recipients with 200 micrograms/day M/K-2 antibody retarded graft loss by only a few days, and did not interfere significantly with leukocytic infiltration, as detected by limiting dilution analysis of graft-reactive CTL, despite the fact that large amounts of M/K-2 could be detected on graft microvascular endothelia and in the peripheral blood as rejection progressed. These data indicate that VCAM is apparently not essential for the leukocytic infiltration and subsequent rejection of cardiac allografts, and is not involved in leukocytic infiltration of murine cardiac isografts. 相似文献
8.
Microcystin-LR is the most frequently studied cyclic heptapeptide produced by different genera of cyanobacteria and is hepatotoxic to livestock and human populations. The adverse effects of microcystin-LR on morphology and cytoskeletal elements in different stages of early embryonal development have been studied in vitro. Embryos and whole embryo cultures have been exposed to microcystin-LR (10–100 μM). Actin filaments were visualized by fluorescence staining and the microtubular network labelled by immunostaining. Growth, development and cytoskeleton organization of the embryos embedded in zona pellucida are not affected by microcystin-LR in concentrations up to 100 μM, while whole embryo cell cultures are affected by the presence of microcystin-LR in the culture medium. High microcystin-LR concentrations (100 μM) cause cells to be detached and destroyed, while lower concentrations (10–20 μM) profoundly affect actin and microtubule organization. These effects are confirmed also by the presence of transformed microcystin-LR in all the media at the lowest concentrations. It seems that the changes to the cells are far more serious than that expressed in cell morphology. From our experiments we conclude that the presence of zona pellucida is an effective way of embryo protection against xenobiotics like microcystin-LR. 相似文献
9.
10.
Effect of fixatives and tissue processing on the content and integrity of nucleic acids 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Clinical and molecular medicines are undergoing a revolution based on the accelerated advances in biotechnology such as DNA microarrays and proteomics. Answers to fundamental questions such as how does the DNA sequence differ between individuals and what makes one individual more prone for a certain disease are eagerly being sought in this postgenomic era. Several government and nonprofit organizations provide the researchers access to human tissues for molecular studies. The tissues procured by the different organizations may differ with respect to fixation and processing parameters that may affect significantly the molecular profile of the tissues. It is imperative that a prospective investigator be aware of the potential contributing factors before designing a project. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methods of human tissue acquisition, fixation, and preservation. In addition, the parameters of procurement and fixation that affect the quality of the tissues at the molecular level are discussed. 相似文献