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1.
Vasundhara Sridharan Yuichi Shoda Jaimee L. Heffner Jonathan Bricker 《Substance use & misuse》2019,54(7):1086-1095
Background: Lay belief systems about the malleability of human attributes have been shown to impact behavior change in multiple domains. Addiction mindset—i.e., beliefs about the permanence (vs. malleability) of addiction — may affect cigarette smokers’ ability to quit, but this has never been examined. Objectives: The aims of the present research were to develop a measure of addiction mindset (study 1) and examine its associations with various psychological aspects of quitting smoking (study 2). Methods: In Study 1, using factor analysis of current smokers’ and nonsmokers’ (n?=?600) responses to 22 items designed to measure addiction mindset, we developed a reliable six-item Addiction Mindset Scale (AMS). In Study 2, adult smokers (n?=?200) completed the AMS, and measures of a number of psychological processes related to smoking. Results: Higher scores on the AMS, indicative of the belief that addiction is malleable (referred to as a growth mindset), were positively and significantly associated with greater motivation to quit, greater commitment to quitting, greater self-efficacy to abstain, less attribution of failure to lack of ability to change addiction, and fewer self-reported barriers to cessation (all p’s < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study show a relationship between the beliefs about the permanence of addiction and psychological processes relevant to quitting smoking. The findings underscore the potential of future research exploring how addiction mindsets relate to successful smoking cessation as well as other types of addictive behavior and how they can be applied to change people’s behavior. 相似文献
2.
M Vijaya Lakshmi MRCP G V Sridharan MRCP D Butterworth MRCP 《International journal of clinical practice》1993,47(3):164-165
Gallstones are common and their incidence increases with age.1 Fifty per cent of these stones are in the common bile duct (CBD) in the elderly.2 Most of them are silent but with time there is an increasing chance of developing symptoms which are more likely to be serious in the elderly.3 Failure to relieve mechanical obstruction of bile flow may lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis.4 It has been estimated that on average secondary biliary cirrhosis develops some seven years after the onset of obstruction from a stricture, four and half years after gallstone obstruction and 10 months after the onset of malignant stricture.5 The characteristic features are the pathological findings of portal-portal linkages, with a pattern of monolobular cirrhosis and the preservation of normal vascular relationships.6 Secondary biliary cirrhosis may lead to hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension with the resultant complications, such as bleeding oesophageal varices, hypersplenism with pancytopenia, ascites and encephalopathy. We describe a patient in whom the diagnosis was not suspected until laparotomy and confirmed only at autopsy. 相似文献
3.
Kannangai R Ramalingam S Vijayakumar TS Vincent AA Abraham OC Subramanian S Rupali P Mathai D Jesudason MV Sridharan G 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2003,21(4):274-276
Currently, antiretroviral therapy has become more affordable even in developing countries and it is being used in India. Fifteen HIV-1 infected individuals, who were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were followed up for an average period of one year. The plasma viral load and CD4+ T cell estimation done at mean intervals of 5 months and 11 months after initiation of therapy showed a good response to therapy in 14 (93%) individuals. 相似文献
4.
Rapid particle agglutination test for human immunodeficiency virus: hospital-based evaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Ramalingam S Kannangai R Raj A A Jesudason MV Sridharan G 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2002,40(4):1553-1554
The performance of a rapid particle agglutination test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Capillus HIV type 1 [HIV-1]/HIV-2) on hospital samples is compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The test had a sensitivity and specificity of 99 and 98.9%, respectively. In addition, the test was reactive on plasma samples from all individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C. This test can safely be used for voluntary counseling and testing in India. 相似文献
5.
Physiological and metabolic responses to work in heat with graded hypohydration in tropical subjects
Summary Studies were conducted on 25 healthy male volunteers aged 20–25 years drawn randomly from the tropical regions of India. The subjects initially underwent an 8 day heat acclimatization schedule with 2 hours moderate work in a climatic chamber at 45° C DB and 30% RH. These heat acclimatized subjects were then hypohydrated to varying levels of body weight deficits, i.e. 1.3±0.03, 2.3±0.04 and 3.3±0.04%, by a combination of water restriction and moderate exercise inside the hot chamber. After 2 hours rest in a thermoneutral room (25±1° C) the hypohydrated subjects were tested on a bicycle ergometer at a fixed submaximal work rate (40 W, 40 min) in a hot dry condition (45°C DB, 30% RH, 34° C WBGT). Significant increases in exercise heart rate and oral temperature were observed in hypohydrated subjects as compared to euhydration. Sweat rate increased with 1% and 2% hypohydration as compared to euhydration, but a significant decrease was observed with 3% hypohydration. Na+ & K+ concentrations in arm sweat increased with increase in the level of hypohydration. Oxygen consumption increased significantly only when hypohydration was about 2% or more. It appears that the increased physiological strain observed in tropical subjects working in heat with graded hypohydration is not solely due to reduced sweat rates. 相似文献
6.
7.
HPV DNA in plasma of patients with cervical carcinoma. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Narayanan Sathish Priya Abraham Abraham Peedicayil Gopalan Sridharan Subhashini John R V Shaji George Chandy 《Journal of clinical virology》2004,31(3):204-209
BACKGROUND: HPV DNA has been detected in metastatic tumour and HPV plasma viraemia may indicate a poor prognosis and a high risk for metastasis. OBJECTIVE: Detection of HPV DNA in plasma of patients with cervical carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was done, wherein cervical biopsies and plasma samples were collected from 58 women with invasive cervical carcinoma, 10 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 control women in the same age range. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of HPV DNA. Samples positive for HPV DNA were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). To confirm that the HPV sequence in plasma was identical to that in tissue, sequencing was done on all the paired plasma and tissue samples. RESULTS: All the 30 paired cervical tissue and plasma samples from the controls were negative for HPV DNA. HPV DNA was detectable in cervical tissues of 55 (94.8%) of 58 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma and in all 10 patients (100%) with CIN and in eight (11.8%) of the total 68 plasma samples from patients. All eight plasma samples were from women with invasive cervical carcinoma with three each in stages IIIB and IV and one each in stages IIB and IB, respectively. Of the eight positive samples, seven were typed as HPV-16 and 1 as HPV-58. HPV types detected in cervical tissue and plasma pairs from these eight patients correlated as revealed by RFLP and sequencing. A patient with stage IB cancer had detectable HPV DNA in the external iliac lymph node, removed at Wertheims hysterectomy, which was histopathologically free of tumour. The HPV type in the node, was the same as that present in the paired tissue and plasma sample. CONCLUSIONS: HPV DNA is detectable in the plasma of patients with advanced cervical cancer. 相似文献
8.
Evaluation of modified passive haemagglutination assay for Vi antibody estimation in Salmonella typhi infections. 下载免费PDF全文
A simple passive haemmagglutination assay (PHA) was developed to detect Vi antibodies, to improve the diagnosis of typhoid fever by small laboratories. The Vi capsular antigen of Salmonella typhi was extracted by alternate alcohol and acetone precipitation. Formalin fixed, sheep red blood cells treated with chromium chloride were sensitised with this Vi antigen and antibodies detected and measured by PHA. The test had a sensitivity of 83.3% among 30 cases of typhoid fever confirmed by culture. The specificity of the test was 94%, making it suitable for use in laboratories without facilities for IFAT or ELISA. 相似文献
9.
Aadhavi Sridharan Monica M. Dehn Craig Cooper Vidya S. Madineedi Linda J. Ordway David DeNofrio Ayan R. Patel 《Clinical cardiology》2022,45(7):752
BackgroundAccurate assessment of right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is critical in the management of heart transplant recipients. The accuracy of echocardiography in estimating these pressures has been debated.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation and agreement between echocardiographic estimations of right heart pressures with those of respective invasive hemodynamic measurements by right heart catheterization (RHC) in adult heart transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a prospective evaluation of 84 unique measurements from heart transplant recipients who underwent RHC followed by standard echocardiographic evaluation within 159 ± 64 min with no intervening medication changes. The relationship between noninvasive pressure estimations and invasive hemodynamic measurements was examined.ResultsMean RAP was 7 ± 5 mmHg and mean PASP was 33 ± 8 mmHg by RHC. There was no significant correlation between echocardiographic estimation of RAP and invasive RAP (Spearman''s rho = −0.05, p = .7), and no significant agreement between these two variables (weighted kappa = −0.1). There was a modest correlation between echocardiographic estimation of PASP and invasive PASP (r = .39, p = .002). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 2.1 ± 9 mmHg (limits of agreement = −15 to 20 mmHg).ConclusionIn heart transplant recipients, there is no significant correlation or agreement between echocardiographic RAP estimation and invasively determined RAP. Noninvasive PASP estimation correlates significantly but modestly with invasively measured PASP. Further refinement of echocardiographic methods for assessment of RAP is warranted in this unique patient population. 相似文献
10.