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1.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-dynamic modelling of rocuronium in infants and children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wierda JMKM.; Meretoja O. A.; Taivainen T.; Proost J. H. 《British journal of anaesthesia》1997,78(6):690-695
We have determined the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-
pharmacodynamic relationship of rocuronium in infants and children. We
studied infants (n = 5, 0.1-0.8 yr) and children (n = 5, 2.3-8 yr), ASA II,
in the ICU while undergoing artificial ventilation under i.v. anaesthesia
with an arterial cannula in situ and the EMG of the adductor pollicis
muscle was monitored. Rocuronium 0.06 (infants) and 0.09 (children) mg kg-1
min-1 was given i.v. over +/- 5 min until 85% neuromuscular block was
obtained. Arterial blood samples were obtained over 240 min. Plasma
concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic-dynamic variables
were calculated using the Sheiner model and the Hill equation. Statistical
analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05). The
mean administered dose was 0.32 (SD 0.08) mg kg-1 and 0.4 (0.1) mg kg-1 for
infants and children, respectively. Infants differed from children in
plasma clearance (4.2 (0.4) vs 6.7 (1.1) ml min-1 kg-1), distribution
volume at steady state (231 (32) vs 165 (44) ml kg-1), mean residence time
(56 (10) vs 26 (9) min), concentration in the effect compartment at 50%
block (1.2 (0.4) vs 1.7 (0.4) mg litre-1) and the slope of the
concentration-effect relationship (5.7 (1.3) vs 3.9 (0.5)). Calculated mean
ED90 values were 0.26 and 0.34 mg kg-1 for infants and children,
respectively. The time course of neuromuscular block after equipotent doses
did not differ.
相似文献
2.
Ira Saarinen Atte Karppinen Pia Saarinen Maija Hyt?nen Tuomas Klockars 《Child's nervous system》2012,28(1):117-120
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the possible inheritance of nasal dermoid sinus cyst in the Finnish population. 相似文献3.
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Kotiaho JS Kaitala V Komonen A Päivinen J 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(6):1963-1967
Understanding the ultimate causes of population declines and extinction is vital in our quest to stop the currently rampant biodiversity loss. Comparison of ecological characteristics between threatened and nonthreatened species may reveal these ultimate causes. Here, we report an analysis of ecological characteristics of 23 threatened and 72 nonthreatened butterfly species. Our analysis reveals that threatened butterflies are characterized by narrow niche breadth, restricted resource distribution, poor dispersal ability, and short flight period. Based on the characteristics, we constructed an ecological extinction risk rank and predicted which of the currently nonthreatened species are at the highest risk of extinction. Our analysis reveals that two species currently classified as nonthreatened are, in fact, at high risk of extinction, and that the status of a further five species should be reconsidered. 相似文献
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Expression of claudin‐11 by tumor cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is dependent on the activity of p38δ
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Liisa Nissinen Elina Siljamäki Pilvi Riihilä Minna Piipponen Mehdi Farshchian Atte Kivisaari Markku Kallajoki Laura Raiko Juha Peltonen Sirkku Peltonen Veli‐Matti Kähäri 《Experimental dermatology》2017,26(9):771-777
The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is rapidly increasing, and the prognosis of patients with metastatic disease is poor. There is an emerging need to identify molecular markers for predicting aggressive behaviour of cSCC. Here, we have examined the role of tight junction (TJ) components in the progression of cSCC. The expression pattern of mRNAs for TJ components was determined with RNA sequencing and oligonucleotide array‐based expression analysis from cSCC cell lines (n=8) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK, n=5). The expression of CLDN11 was specifically elevated in primary cSCC cell lines (n=5), but low or absent in metastatic cSCC cell lines (n=3) and NHEKs. Claudin‐11 was detected in cell‐cell contacts of primary cSCC cells in culture by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Analysis of a large panel of tissue samples from sporadic UV‐induced cSCC (n=65), cSCC in situ (n=56), actinic keratoses (n=31), seborrhoeic keratoses (n=7) and normal skin (n=16) by immunohistochemistry showed specific staining for claudin‐11 in intercellular junctions of keratinizing tumor cells in well and moderately differentiated cSCCs, whereas no staining for claudin‐11 was detected in poorly differentiated tumors. The expression of claudin‐11 in cSCC cells was dependent on the activity of p38δ MAPK and knock‐down of claudin‐11 enhanced cSCC cell invasion. These findings provide evidence for the role of claudin‐11 in regulation of cSCC invasion and suggest loss of claudin‐11 expression in tumor cells as a biomarker for advanced stage of cSCC. 相似文献
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Peer evaluation in nursing is a method by which the nurse evaluates the work of a peer, according to set evaluation criteria. The aim of the study was to clarify the potential significance of peer evaluation with regard to nurses' career development and relates to the introduction of a career development programme for nurses in a Finnish University Hospital. The research concepts were created on the basis of literature analysis. The concepts served as a basis for data collection, and five open-ended questions were devised from them. Informants (n = 24) gave free-form essay-type answers to these questions. The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that self-evaluation constitutes the basis for peer evaluation. Peer evaluation allows nurses to give and receive professional and personal support promoting professional development. Professional support offers possibilities for change and alternative action. Personal support requires respect for the peer's equality and individuality. Personal peer support can decrease feelings of uncertainty and insecurity caused by work. The conclusion is drawn that peer evaluation is a means of promoting nurses' professional development to further on-the-job learning in collaboration with peers. 相似文献
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