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1.
Abstract: Background: Identification of risk drinking in expectant fathers may be helpful as an important part of efforts to minimize maternal alcohol use, and as an opportunity to inform them about a problematic practice during a critical developmental stage for the couple. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the T‐ACE screening questionnaire, which asks about t olerance to alcohol, being a nnoyed by other's comments about drinking, attempts to c ut down, and having a drink first thing in the morning (“ e ye‐opener”), in the male partners of pregnant women who themselves were T‐ACE positive. Methods: Two hundred fifty‐four male partners were asked to complete the T‐ACE embedded in a health survey, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and other questions about their alcohol use in the past 30 days when their pregnant partners had a median gestation of 11.5 weeks (T1). After delivery, male partners again completed the T‐ACE and quantity‐frequency questions (T2). The predictive ability of the T‐ACE and AUDIT was compared, using risk drinking (>4 drinks/day or >14 drinks/week) as the criterion standard. Results: A substantial minority of male partners had risk drinking, 31 percent at T1 and 25 percent at T2. Although the AUDIT was better than the T‐ACE as an independent predictor of risk drinking, the latter was most accurate when the tolerance threshold exceeded 2 drinks, the same established for pregnant women. The sensitivity (T1 = 84.6%, T2 = 82.8%) and specificity (T1 = 43.8%, T2 = 51.1%) of the T‐ACE at this threshold compared favorably with those of the AUDIT at the standard cut point of 8. Conclusions: The T‐ACE may be a practical way for clinicians to identify risk drinking in both pregnant women and expectant fathers. (BIRTH 33:2 June 2006) 相似文献
2.
The impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the management of peripheral vascular disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J B Anderson A P Wolinski I P Wells D C Wilkins B P Bliss 《The British journal of surgery》1986,73(1):17-19
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a well established technique with wide application, but its place in the overall management of peripheral vascular disease is not well defined. This study compares similar groups of patients with peripheral vascular disease in 1981 and 1984, before and after the introduction of the technique to a district general hospital. More patients are now being investigated and treated and this is almost entirely due to the availability of angioplasty. The rates for surgery have not changed. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should therefore be seen as a new and separate form of treatment for peripheral vascular disease, not necessarily influencing or replacing surgery, and requiring its own allocation of resources in accordance with the increase in the level of care afforded by the technique. 相似文献
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The cardiac effects of terfenadine after inhibition of its metabolism by grapefruit juice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C. P. Clifford D. A. Adams S. Murray G. W. Taylor M. R. Wilkins A. R. Boobis D. S. Davies 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,52(4):311-315
Objective: To determine whether the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine are affected by the concomitant
administration of grapefruit juice.
Methods: Six healthy volunteers were recruited for a balanced cross-over study. Each volunteer received 120 mg terfenadine 30 min
after drinking 300 ml of either water or freshly squeezed grapefruit juice. The alternative treatment was administered on
the second study day 2 weeks later. Measurements of the area under the terfenadine plasma concentration-time curve (AUC),
maximum terfenadine concentration (Cmax) and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) were made, and the corrected QT (QTc) interval was measured from the surface electrocardiogram.
Results: Terfenadine was quantifiable in plasma in all 6 subjects on both study days for up to 24 h post-dosing. The AUC of terfenadine
was significantly increased by concomitant grapefruit administration (median values 40.6 vs 16.3 ng · ml−1 · h), as was the Cmax (median values 7.2 vs 2.1 ng · ml−1). The tmax was not significantly increased and there was no significant change in the median QTc interval despite the increased terfenadine
levels. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in the change in QTc interval at Cmax was −13 to +38 ms.
Conclusion: Administration of grapefruit juice concomitantly with terfenadine may lead to an increase in terfenadine bioavailability,
but the increase observed in this study did not lead to significant cardiotoxicity in normal subjects. However, this does
not exclude the risk of cardiotoxicity in high-risk subjects given greater doses of grapefruit juice over longer periods of
time.
Received: 14 October 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 10 December 1996 相似文献
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Dympna Harmey Gudrun Stenbeck Catherine D Nobes Alistair J Lax Agamemnon E Grigoriadis 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2004,19(4):661-670
The role of the Rho-Rho kinase signaling pathway on osteoblast differentiation was investigated using primary mouse calvarial cells. The bacterial toxin PMT inhibited, whereas Rho-ROK inhibitors stimulated, osteoblast differentiation and bone nodule formation. These effects correlated with altered BMP-2 and -4 expression. These data show the importance of Rho-ROK signaling in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. INTRODUCTION: The signal transduction pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation are not well understood. In this study, we used Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), a unique bacterial toxin that activates the small GTPase Rho, and specific Rho inhibitors to investigate the role of Rho in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary mouse calvarial osteoblast cultures were used to investigate the effects of recombinant PMT and Rho-Rho kinase (ROK) inhibitors on osteoblast differentiation and bone nodule formation. Osteoblast gene expression was analyzed using Northern blot and RT-PCR, and actin rearrangements were visualized after phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: PMT stimulated the proliferation of primary mouse calvarial cells and markedly inhibited the differentiation of osteoblast precursors to bone nodules with a concomitant inhibition of osteoblastic marker gene expression. There was no apparent causal relationship between the stimulation of proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. PMT caused cytoskeletal rearrangements because of activation of Rho, and the inhibition of bone nodules was completely reversed by the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase and partly reversed by inhibitors of the Rho effector, ROK. Interestingly, Rho and ROK inhibitors alone potently stimulated osteoblast differentiation, gene expression, and bone nodule formation. Finally, PMT inhibited, whereas ROK inhibitors stimulated, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -4 mRNA expression, providing a possible mechanism for their effects on bone nodule formation. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that PMT inhibits osteoblast differentiation through a mechanism involving the Rho-ROK pathway and that this pathway is an important negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Conversely, ROK inhibitors stimulate osteoblast differentiation and may be potentially useful as anabolic agents for bone. 相似文献
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Valery L Feigin Craig S Anderson Anthony Rodgers Neil E Anderson Alistair J Gunn 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2002,9(5):502-507
Current treatment of acute stroke remains unsatisfactory. This review presents experimental and clinical data which suggest that mild induced hypothermia could be a potent and practicable neuroprotective treatment of acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. Hypothermia, if proven to be safe, effective and widely practicable in patients with acute stroke, could have an enormous positive impact on reducing the burden of stroke worldwide. Critical issues that will need to be considered in a well designed randomised controlled trial of induced hypothermia in acute stroke patients are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Georgios Amoiridis Ludwig Gutmann Dennis E. Wilkins Raja Sawaya Alain Lagueny Roger Marthan Philippe Schuermans Philippe Le Collen Xavier Ferrer Jean Julien Reha Kuruoglu Shin J. Oh Brian Thompson A. Aggarwal L. Gutmann A. Gutierrez Okifumi Nakazato Russel Johnsen Philip Morling B. A. Kakulas 《Muscle & nerve》1994,17(2):245-253