血浆脂蛋白(a)对巨噬细胞摄取乙酰化低密度脂蛋白的影响

目的　研究血浆脂蛋白 (a) [lipoprotein(a) ,Lp(a) ]对巨噬细胞结合 ,摄入及降解乙酰化低密度脂蛋白 (acetylatedlowdensitylipoprotein ,Ac LDL) ,清道夫受体 A (scavengerreceptor A ,ScR A)和ScR B的影响。方法　利用人类单核细胞株 (THP 1细胞 )源的巨噬细胞培养 ,受体摄取配体及Northern印迹方法 ,观察Lp(a)对巨噬细胞受体摄取Ac LDL以及对巨噬细胞ScR A和ScR BmRNA表达的影响。结果　THP 1细胞源的巨噬细胞对Ac LDL的结合量随Lp(a)浓度 (0 ,10 ,2 5 ,5 0及 10 0 μg/ml)的增加而增加 ,而天然LDL对此无影响。与对照组比较 [Lp(a)非投用组 ],投用 5 0μg/mlLp(a)时 ,巨噬细胞对Ac LDL结合量 (binding)增加 2 6 9.2 5 %(P <0 .0 1) ,对Ac LDL的摄入量 (uptake)增加5 9.46 %(P <0 .0 1) ,对Ac LDL的降解量 (degradation)增加 5 5 .77%(P<0 .0 1) ,且巨噬细胞ScR AmRNA表达明显增强 ,与对照组 [Lp(a)非投用组 ]比较增强 43.5 6 %,而Lp(a)并不影响ScR BmRNA的表达。结论　Lp(a)可增加THP 1细胞源的巨噬细胞结合、摄入及降解Ac LDL ,这种作用可能通过Lp(a)增强巨噬细胞ScR A基因的表达来实现。     

骨髓移植诱导临床心脏移植后供者特异性免疫耐受方案的探讨

目的 探讨骨髓移植诱导临床心脏移植后供者特异性免疫耐受的可行性.方法 采取供心的同时采用改良"灌流法"获取供者的骨髓350 ml,经过滤及离心处理后,加入细胞冷冻保护液共80ml,分装于低温冻存袋,经程序降温,置于-80℃冰箱中保存.在常规原位心脏移植术后40 d,取冻存骨髓快速复温,穿刺受者双侧髂后上嵴,立即行骨髓腔内骨髓细胞输注(IBM-BMT),共输注单核细胞1.2×107/kg,CD34+细胞2.38×105/kg.骨髓输注前3 d行预处理,包括应用氟达拉滨、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白及全身淋巴结照射.骨髓移植后静脉应用他克莫司(Tac),维持血Tac浓度谷值在10～20μg/L;3周后改为口服Tac+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF);6周后改为环孢素A及MMF.分别于心脏移植后2、4、8和12周采集受者外周血,分别于术后4、8和12周采集受者的骨髓,应用短串联重复序列-聚合酶链反应法检测供者嵌合体.心脏移植后每周行心肌内心电图检查,每月行心肌活检1次.术后3个月,取受者及第三者外周血单核细胞,行混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR).结果心脏移植后1、2及3个月时受者的外周血及髂骨内骨髓细胞中供者来源的细胞比例分别为26.3%、19.1%、4.8%和46.3%、24.4%、7.6%.IBM-BMT后心肌内心电图监测显示心肌阻抗及R波波幅无明显变化.术后3个月行心内膜心肌活检,未见排斥反应征象.术后3个月时行超声心动图检查,提示心脏舒张、收缩功能良好.MLR提示受者对供者特异性刺激呈现低反应性,而对第三者仍保持良好的免疫活性(P＜0.01).结论 采取分期骨髓移植免疫耐受诱导方案可安全、有效地建立嵌合体,成功诱导心脏移植后供者特异性免疫耐受,但远期效果有待进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate a new strategy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for donor-specific tolerance induction after heart transplantation. Methods Donor bone marrow cells (BMCs)were harvested simultaneously with donor cardiac graft using modified perfusion method (PM) ,then stored in a -80 ℃ refrigerator after filtration and centrifugation. Whole BMCs (IBM-BMT) (monocytes 1.2 ×107/kg,CD34+ cells 2.38× 105/kg) in host iliac bones were injected into the bone marrow cavity 40 days after heart transplantation. Preconditoning regimens that consisted of fludarabine, antithymoctye globin and total lymphoid irradiation were performed 3 days before BMT. Tacrolimus (Tac) was administrated intravenously after BMT or orally in conjunction with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3 weeks later.Cyclosporine and MMF were orally administrated 6 weeks later. Donor chimerism was detected using short tandem repeats-polymerase chain reaction in monocytes from peripheral blood at the 2nd,4th, 8th or 12th week after BMT or BMCs at the 4th, 8th or 12th week after BMT. Intramyocardium electrocardiography examination or endomyocardial biopsy was performed weekly or monthly respectively. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were performed 3 months after BMT. Results Donor chimerism in monocytes in peripheral blood or BMCs in iliac bones measured at the 1 st,2nd and 3rd month after BMT was 26.3%, 19.1%,4.8% ,and 46.3%, 24.4%, 7.6%, respectively. After 3-month follow-up, there was no rejection confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy or intramyocardium electrocardiography. Echocardiography revealed that the diastolic and systolic function of the cardiac graft was maintained well 3 months after BMT. MLR revealed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness while immunocompetence was preserved to third-party antigens. Conclusion These findings indicate that the two-stage BMT strategy is a safe and feasible method for the induction of donor-specific tolerance via stable mixed chimerism and needs to be further confirmed after a long-term observation.     

保留瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术的临床效果

随着对二尖瓣装置的生理作用及其与左心室功能关系的深入研究，Lillehei等在切除瓣下结构的传统二尖瓣置换术(conventional mitral valve replacement，MVRC)基础上提出了保留瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术(mitral valve replacement with preservation of subvalvular apparatus，MVRP)。我们选择了各方面因素差异不大的近10年作为观察时限，从心功能恢复和术后生存两个方面对MVRP及MVRC病人进行回顾性研究，以探讨两种术式的临床效果．     

心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术后血栓和出血事件发生率的研究

目的:研究心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性心房纤颤(房颤)术后脑血管事件的发生。方法:回顾2003年1月至2006年12月758例瓣膜病合并房颤病例,其中行瓣膜手术+房颤射频消融374例(射频消融组),仅行瓣膜手术384例(对照组)。术后随访6～54个月,平均(32±6.23)个月,对比分析2组病例术后脑血管事件随访数据。结果:术后随访证实消融组在术后脑血管事件发生率、生存率、窦性心律转复率等均优于对照组。结论:心脏瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性房颤的远期疗效确切,可降低脑血管事件的发生,并提高远期生存率、窦性心律转复率。     

38例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 :通过研究 38例主动脉窦瘤破裂治疗经过 ,总结主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗经验。方法 :1987年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 9月 ,对 38例主动脉窦瘤破裂病人行手术治疗 ,及时准确闭合主动脉窦瘤及矫正合并的心脏畸形。对于合并主动脉瓣关闭不全病例 ,轻度不予处理 ,中度行成形术 ,重度行主动脉瓣置换术。结果 :早期死亡 1例 ,死亡率为 2 6 %。术后随访 2个月～ 14年 ,随访者心脏功能恢复到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 (NYHA)。结论 :主动脉窦瘤破裂一经诊断 ,应及早手术 ,同时矫正合并的心脏畸形 ,可获得满意的近期和远期效果。     

微创非体外循环下经胸小切口继发孔房间隔缺损封堵术失败后转外科修补手术的临床分析

目的 探讨微创非体外循环下经胸小切口继发孔房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术失败后转外科修补手术的治疗方法及临床疗效.方法 2008年1月至2008年12月,我院行微创非体外循环下经胸小切口继发孔ASD封堵术268例,其中封堵术失败后需再行外科修补手术者12例,包括术中封堵器脱落6例,术中封堵失败3例,术后封堵器脱落1例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,残余漏1例.外科修补手术于体外循环下进行,取出封堵器,修复缺损.结果 外科修补手术探查继发孔ASD直径平均为（28.6±6.2）mm,大于术前经食管超声心动图测量的值[（24.3±4.1）mm,P＜0.01].术中探查证实,6例术中封堵器脱落患者缺损为下腔型4例、中央型2例 术后1例封堵器脱落患者缺损为中央型 术中3例封堵失败患者中筛孔状缺损1例,下腔型2例 Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例为中央型 1例残余漏患者缺损为中央型,但边缘菲薄.外科修补术后所有患者均恢复窦性心律,无手术死亡,无残余分流.结论 微创非体外循环下经胸小切口继发孔ASD封堵术失败后应及时采取外科修复手术治疗,这样可有效治疗封堵术失败后的并发症.而这种急诊手术并没有增加患者的病死率和严重并发症的发生率,所以可以对患者先尝试封堵,不成功再行外科修补手术.     

微创非体外循环下经胸小切口继发孔房间隔缺损封堵术失败后转外科修补手术的临床分析

Objective To assess the therapeutic methods and results of surgical closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) after the failure of occlusion therapy via non-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-minimally invasive intercostal incision (MⅢ). Methods From January 2008 to December 2008, twelve patients from 268 patients underwent occlusion therapy via non-CPB- MⅢ, were performed surgical closure of ASD after the failure of occusion. The causes accounting for the transition consist of introoperative or postoperative dislodgment of occusion device in 6 cases and 1 case respectively, infeasibility in 3 cases, Ⅲ °atrio-ventricular block (AVB) in 1 case and residual shunt in 1 case. All patients underwent the removal of occlusion device and surgical closure of ASD. Results The mean stretched diameter of the ASD (28.6 ± 6.2 mm) was significantly larger ( P ＜ 0.01 ) than that measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (24.3 ±4.1 mm). The pathological type of ASD was confirmed with the inferior vena cava type in 4 cases of introoperative dislodgment of occusion device, the central tyepe in 2 cases and 1 case of introoperative or postoperative dislodgment repectively, the sieve pore type in 1 cases infeasible to occlusion, and with thin marginal tissue in 1 case with residual shunt. Sinus rhythm was postoperatively observed in all patients. No perioperative mortality and postoperative residual shunt was found. Conclusion Surgical treatment should be performed in time after the failure of occlusion to achieve a good outcome.     

金属硫蛋白对离体心脏心肌间质的保护作用

目的 探讨金属硫蛋白(MT)对离体心脏心肌间质的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠16只,分为2组:对照组(C,n=8),腹腔注射蒸馏水0.5ml 24h后取离体心脏行离体灌注(Langendorff模型),测定心功能,然后灌注HTK心脏保护液,4C保存3h后再行Langendorff灌注25min;实验组(E,n=8)腹腔注射3.6％硫酸锌(1.5 ml/kg)24 h后取离体心脏,处理方法同C组。以心肌细胞中MT含量、血流动力学指标、心肌组织羟脯氨酸(HP)含量、内皮素(ET)含量和心肌超微结构等作为观察指标。结果MT含量E组与C组比较明显增高;E组心功能恢复方面优于C组(P<0.05),HP含量优于C组(P<0.01),ET含量低于C组(P<0.01),心肌超微结构损伤较C组明显减轻。结论MT对供心心肌间质具有保护作用。     

为心脏移植患者“绿色生存”打开希望之门——记我国著名心脏移植专家孟旭教授

如果说梦想是一双翅膀,可以带着我们自由地翱翔,飞向远方胜利的天堂,那么责任就是一个鲜明的旗帜,它时刻指引着我们克服困难、突破障碍,走向胜利。首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏外科9病区主任孟旭以治病救人为目标,在医学研究的道路上,奋力前行。     

手术治疗巨大心脏瓣膜病79例疗效观察

巨大心脏瓣膜病往往病程较长、心肌损害重、心功能差，常继发多脏器功能障碍及全身营养差、免疫力低下，手术死亡率高，属于危重患者。于2001年3月～2003年6月，我院对79例巨大心脏瓣膜病患者施行瓣膜置换术。现报告如下。