营养与食品卫生学校外实践教学基地建设的必要性

营养与食品卫生学是具有较强应用性质的学科。现有的营养与食品卫生学实践教学不能满足学生对实践经验的需求,而从事教学工作的教师由于缺乏实践经验也严重影响了教学效果和教学能力的提高。因此,为提高营养与食品卫生学专业课教学水平,提升青年教师自身素质,增强医学院校预防专业毕业生的从业能力,有必要加强营养与食品卫生学实践教学基地的建设。     

北方12种蔬菜中莱菔硫烷含量的测定

目的检测北方居民常食用蔬菜中莱菔硫烷的含量，为进一步研究该种物质的生物活性及探讨其生理需要量奠定科学依据。方法采用HPLC方法对北方12种蔬菜中莱菔硫烷的含量进行测定并计算精确度和回收率。结果不同蔬菜中莱菔硫烷的含量明显不同。在所测定的蔬菜中，西兰花中莱菔硫烷的含量最多，其次为空心菜、洋葱、紫甘蓝、大葱等。结论莱菔硫烷主要存在于十字花科蔬菜中，且含量各不相同。采用HPLC方法测定蔬菜中莱菔硫烷的含量，方法简便、准确，重现性好。     

医学本科生营养与食品卫生学实验课教学改革探讨

营养与食品卫生学是预防医学范畴中的一门主干课程,营养学实验和食品卫生学实验对于培养实践型营养与食品卫生学人才十分重要。本文针对营养与食品卫生学实验教学中存在的问题和弊端,改变传统的教学模式,采取多种教学方式,积极开展综合性、设计性实验,改善考核方式,为今后培养营养与食品卫生学实践性人才和进一步进行实验教学改革打下了一定的基础。     

北京市居民网络订餐现状与食品安全认知、态度及行为调查

目的了解北京市居民网络订餐现状、安全认知、态度及行为,为提升网络订餐食品安全的管理水平提出合理建议。方法 2019年6月—7月选取北京市不同年龄段居民为研究对象,通过问卷调查的方式收集被调查对象网络订餐现状、安全认知、态度及行为等信息。结果共有82.50%的居民有过网络订餐行为,订餐时间集中在午、晚餐;食品类型倾向中餐;网络订餐的卫生安全受到被调查者的普遍关注,但关心程度不足。结论网络订餐食品安全受到居民的广泛关注,但关注程度有待提高,有必要对居民开展网络订餐食品安全相关知识的普及工作。     

高脂肪膳食对肥胖大鼠学习记忆能力影响

目的 探讨高脂肪膳食诱导的肥胖大鼠学习记忆能力变化.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠50只,随机选取10只,通过皮下注射D-半乳糖,建立大鼠学习记忆损伤模型,喂基础饲料(阳性对照组),其余动物高脂肪饲料连续喂养2周后,根据体重筛选出基础组大鼠10只,喂基础饲料,其余大鼠继续喂高脂肪饲料,10周后,再根据体重筛选出肥胖大鼠10只,采用Morris水迷宫方法检测大鼠学习记忆能力,处死动物后,测量体脂肪含量,收集血清,检测血脂指标.结果 肥胖大鼠体重、肾周脂肪、睾周脂肪、网膜脂肪、体脂肪含量均明显高于基础组大鼠,血脂水平无明显变化;阳性对照组大鼠第3象限平均逃避潜伏期(18.54±2.73)s和总路程(298.60±48.18) cm明显高于基础组[分别为(8.27±1.82)s、(124.85 ±29.17) cm] (P ＜0.05);与基础组比较,肥胖组大鼠第3象限平均逃避潜伏期和总路程[分别为(9.72±2.t9)s、(166.31±37.12) cm]具有升高趋势.各组大鼠穿越平台次数差异无统计学意义.结论 高脂肪膳食诱导的肥胖大鼠可能存在学习能力损伤.     

Effects of genistein and folic acid on neuronal membrane and mitochondrial membrane damaged by β-amyloid peptides 31-35

Objective To observe the neuro-protective effects of genistein (Gen) and folic acid (FA) on neurons membrane and mitochondrial membrane damaged by β-amyloid peptides 31-35 (Aβ31-35).Methods The primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons were randomly divided into DMEM(control) ,Aβ31-35 (25 μmol/L) ,Gen( Gen 27 μg/ml) ,FA( FA 40 μg/ml) and Gen + FA( Gen 27 μg/ml + FA 40 μg/ml).Gen and/or FA were added two hours before Aβ31-35 addition.After twenty four hours, MTT assay was performed to measure the viability of cultured neurons.Fluorescence polarization was performed to observe the neuron cell membrane fluidity.The mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) was determined to investigate the alteration of mitochondrial structure and function of neurons by laser scanning confocal microscope and a flow cytometer was used to investigate the activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP).Each experiment was repeated three times.Results Compared with group Aβ31-35 (0.845 ± 0.050, F = 4.931, P ＜ 0.05 ＝, the absorbance was significantly higher in group Gen (0.982 ± 0.110, t=3.523,P＜0.01＝,FA (0.947 ±0.061,t=2.745,P＜0.01＝ and Gen+ FA (0.996 ± 0.090, t = 3.966, P ＜ 0.01 ＝.The viscosity of cell neuron membrane in group Gen ( 1.75 ± 0.28,t=2.085,P＜0.05＝,FA (1.66±0.37,t=2.357,P＜0.05＝ andGen + FA (1.50±0.20,t=3.784,P ＜ 0.05 ＝ was significantly lower than that in group Aβ31-35 (2.11 ± 0.44, F = 5.529, P ＜ 0.01 ＝, which indicated the cell membrane fluidity was significantly higher in group Gen and/or FA than that in group Aβ31-35.MMP was significantly decreased by Aβ31-35 (3.364 ± 1.140, t= 3.949, P＜ 0.01 ＝ when comparing to control group (6.383 ± 1.683) ,while it was significantly increased by Gen (5.286 ± 1.792,t=2.406,P＜0.05＝,FA (5.884±2.022,t=2.887,P＜0.01＝ and Gen + FA (6.120 ±2.124,t=3.304,P ＜ 0.01 ＝ when comparing to group Aβ31-35 ( F = 7.585, P ＜ 0.01 ＝.MPTP was activated by Aβ31-35 and Gen and/or FA could reverse this progress.Conclusion Gen and/or FA could protect the neuronal and mitochondrial membrane from the impairment induced by Aβ31-35.     

营养与食品卫生学专业英语教学的探索与实践

营养与食品卫生学专业英语教学对于培养优秀的专业人才以服务于我国的营养与食品卫生学事业至关重要。从教学方法、教材的选择及专业英语听说能力的培养等几个方面探讨了营养与食品卫生学专业英语教学的方法和经验,为开展有效的营养与食品卫生学专业英语教学提供依据。     

黄酮类物质对肿瘤细胞信号转导途径的调节作用

肿瘤的发生是一系列信号分子之间相互作用的结果。NF_κB、Akt、MAPK、p53信号途径是与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关的信号转导途径。本文分别阐述了黄酮类物质在实验动物、人群(体内)以及不同的肿瘤细胞(体外)中对这些信号途径中的相关信号分子的调节作用,并综合了现今国内外关于黄酮类物质的抗肿瘤作用研究认为,黄酮类物质具有较明显的抗肿瘤活性,这些与肿瘤发生相关的信号转导途径可能是黄酮类物质发挥抗肿瘤作用的分子靶点。     

北京某医学院229名医学生膳食营养状况分析

目的了解北京市医学生膳食营养状况,为全面提高大学生身体素质、制定切实可行的膳食干预策略提供理论依据。方法采用连续3 d的24 h回顾法,对北京市某医学院校229名学生进行连续3 d膳食调查,并进行膳食营养状况分析。结果医学生摄入的食物较丰富,以谷薯类、蔬菜类食物为主,乳类及水产品的摄入量尚未达到膳食参考摄入量。三大产能营养素供能比较合理,蛋白质的摄入量充足,但优质蛋白质的摄入量较低。钙、锌和维生素B1、B2的摄入量与推荐量的差距较大。结论医学生的能量来源分布基本合理,但膳食结构不合理。需要进一步加强营养教育与干预,以保证均衡饮食和合理营养。     

Effects of genistein and folic acid on neuronal membrane and mitochondrial membrane damaged by β-amyloid peptides 31-35

Objective To observe the neuro-protective effects of genistein (Gen) and folic acid (FA) on neurons membrane and mitochondrial membrane damaged by β-amyloid peptides 31-35 (Aβ31-35).Methods The primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons were randomly divided into DMEM(control) ,Aβ31-35 (25 μmol/L) ,Gen( Gen 27 μg/ml) ,FA( FA 40 μg/ml) and Gen + FA( Gen 27 μg/ml + FA 40 μg/ml).Gen and/or FA were added two hours before Aβ31-35 addition.After twenty four hours, MTT assay was performed to measure the viability of cultured neurons.Fluorescence polarization was performed to observe the neuron cell membrane fluidity.The mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) was determined to investigate the alteration of mitochondrial structure and function of neurons by laser scanning confocal microscope and a flow cytometer was used to investigate the activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP).Each experiment was repeated three times.Results Compared with group Aβ31-35 (0.845 ± 0.050, F = 4.931, P ＜ 0.05 ＝, the absorbance was significantly higher in group Gen (0.982 ± 0.110, t=3.523,P＜0.01＝,FA (0.947 ±0.061,t=2.745,P＜0.01＝ and Gen+ FA (0.996 ± 0.090, t = 3.966, P ＜ 0.01 ＝.The viscosity of cell neuron membrane in group Gen ( 1.75 ± 0.28,t=2.085,P＜0.05＝,FA (1.66±0.37,t=2.357,P＜0.05＝ andGen + FA (1.50±0.20,t=3.784,P ＜ 0.05 ＝ was significantly lower than that in group Aβ31-35 (2.11 ± 0.44, F = 5.529, P ＜ 0.01 ＝, which indicated the cell membrane fluidity was significantly higher in group Gen and/or FA than that in group Aβ31-35.MMP was significantly decreased by Aβ31-35 (3.364 ± 1.140, t= 3.949, P＜ 0.01 ＝ when comparing to control group (6.383 ± 1.683) ,while it was significantly increased by Gen (5.286 ± 1.792,t=2.406,P＜0.05＝,FA (5.884±2.022,t=2.887,P＜0.01＝ and Gen + FA (6.120 ±2.124,t=3.304,P ＜ 0.01 ＝ when comparing to group Aβ31-35 ( F = 7.585, P ＜ 0.01 ＝.MPTP was activated by Aβ31-35 and Gen and/or FA could reverse this progress.Conclusion Gen and/or FA could protect the neuronal and mitochondrial membrane from the impairment induced by Aβ31-35.