引起小儿腹泻的病毒

小儿病毒性腹泻早在本世纪30年代就有临床报道,但病原不明。直至70年代,Kapikian和Bishop等相继在小儿腹泻中发现Norwalk病毒和轮状病毒后才获得突破。后来又陆续发现一些与腹泻有关的其它病毒,如杯状病毒、星状病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒、小双壳病毒和小圆形病毒颗粒等。这些病毒很难分离培养,它们和腹泻的确切关系还有待深入研究。     

细胞培养分离人轮状病毒的研究

本文报道用MA104细胞从4名急性肠炎患儿的粪液标本中,分离出3株致细胞病变的轮状病毒。细胞病变特征为细胞边缘交模糊,细胞融合,堆积,变圆以及细胞瓦解。我们发现用细胞培养分离HRV不仅取决于接种和培养条件,而且很大程度上取决于粪液标本中病毒颗粒的结构。     

140例夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎临床分析及病原学探讨

本文通过1982年夏季140例婴幼儿胃肠炎的临床分析及病原学的研究,发现本病的临床过程和病原学与过去的认识有所不同。过去认为夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎以致病性大肠杆菌为主要病原;而轮状病毒肠炎主要发生在秋冬寒冷季节,本文材料分析夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎的病原中,致病性大肠杆菌已下降为5.98%,而以病毒病原居多数,占72%,电镜检出轮状病毒颗粒占32%,血清学检查抗轮状病毒抗体阳性占38%。夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎传染性强,抗生素治疗对病毒性肠炎无效。     

婴幼儿腹泻的病毒病原

本刊从本期开始将连续扼要刊载几篇由中华医学会北京分会、北京中医学会和中国中西医结合研究会北京分会等于今夏组织的感染性腹泻防治专题报告会的文章,包括腹泻的病原学研究、流行病学的调查、临床诊断与治疗的进展及各种先进的检查技术等,既有研究价值又有实际意义,对于提高腹泻的预防、诊断、治疗等方面将能有所帮助。希望读者对这种专题讨论的形式、内容和作用等方面广泛提出意见和要求,便于改进工作。     

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染树鼩的实验研究(摘要)

至今,除人类以外,对HBV敏感的动物只有黑猩猩和长臂猿。这些高等灵长类动物稀少珍贵,应用极其有限。树鼩(Tupaia)介于低等灵长类和啮齿类之间,易于捕获饲养。本文探讨树鼩对HBV是否易感,获得初步结果。材料和方法选用云南树鼩(Tupaia Belangeriyunalis)自野外捉来后笼养2周,健     

夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎的病毒学研究

对于夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎的病毒学研究,国外曾有过一些报道,国内尚缺乏这方面资料。本文首次报道用多价抗体一免疫电镜法检测夏季婴幼儿胃肠炎病毒和血清学检测的结果。实验方法和结果(一)临床资料在1982年6～8月婴幼儿胃肠炎流行期间,铁道部北京铁路总医院儿科和北京友     

急性胃肠炎病原之一——嵌杯病毒的研究

1982年,我们在北京从137例急性胃肠炎婴儿的粪中检出2例嵌杯病毒(Cali—civirus).本文在国内首次扼要报道对此病毒的形态学、血清学及其与疾病关系的研究结果.实验方法和结果(一)病毒形态学1.病毒大小:测量216个嵌杯病毒     

EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF ADULT TUPAIA BELANGERI YUNALIS WITH HUMAN ROTAVIRUS

This article deals with studies in late autumn 1981 0f the infection of wild adult Tupaia belangeri yunalis (a species of tree shrew caught in autumn in Yunnan province) with human rotavirus., 12 tupaias are infected in the first passage, 3 in the second passage and 3 in the third passage, 12/12, 2/3 and 2/3 0f the tu- paias develop diarrhea during the 3 passages. Electron microscopic observat.ion shoiws that 12/12, 3/3 and 2/3 0f the tupaias excrete rota- virus during the passages. Three tupaias died during the first passage and show mucosal ne- crosis and lymphocyte infiltration in sections of different intestinal parts. Immune electron mi- croscopically, anti-rotavirus antibody is assayed in sera of 2 infected tupaias, in both of which titer rises greater than 4 fo.lds in the convalescent phase serum as compared with the pre-infection serum. These results indicate that the adult tupaia is probably susceptible to human rota- virus.     

多价抗体免疫电镜法的应用研究

检测轮状病毒,常用ELISA和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法,但有时出现组间抗原不交叉和电泳图型变异,还要靠电镜检查证实;检测与腹泻有关的其它病毒,由于细胞培养和血清学方法尚未建立,电镜检查仍然是发现和鉴别它们的主要手段。为了捕获急性腹泻病人粪便中可能存在的各种病毒,发展一种具有广谱性和高灵敏性的多价抗体免疫电镜(PAbI-EM)法实属必要。(一)多价抗体的选择     

DETECTION AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF SMALL DOUBLE CAPSID VIRUS

This article reports the detection of small double capsid virus and results of preliminary studies on its morphology, serology and relationship to gastroenteritis. A kind of small virus particles with morphological characteristics was found in fecal samples of 3 of 23 infants with autumn gastroenteritis. The average diameter of this virus particles is 34.1 +/- 1.1 nm, possessing core, double capsids and spoke-like capsomers. It can be differentiated from other viruses in morphology. Correlated antigenicity exists among 3 strains of the virus but not among other studied viruses and this virus. The titer of the antibody to small double capsid virus in convalescent phase-sera of 2 patients was more than 4-fold as high as that in control sera. This virus was absent in fecal samples of recovered patients as well as in those of normal infants. These show that small "double layer like" capsid virus might be one of the etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis.