作业场所空气中氢化三联苯的紫外分光光度法测定

目的　测定作业场所空气中氢化三联苯。方法　空气中氢化三联苯用 4 0 %乙醇水溶液吸收采集 ,紫外分光光度法定量测定。结果　方法的检测限为 0 87mg m3,当标准溶液浓度为 0～ 2 0mg L时 ,相对标准偏差为 4 6 %～ 2 3% ,线性范围为 0～ 4 0mg m3。采样效率为 97 3% ,样品在采样管中稳定时间为 7天。结论　通过现场试验 ,该方法简易、快速、准确可靠 ,各项试验指标均符合劳动卫生监测要求 ,适用于作业场所空气中氢化三联苯的测定     

污染区人群耵聍和乳汁中多氯联苯负荷水平的研究

多氯联苯(PCB)是公认的全球性污染物。近年来,从其众多的异构体中分离出毒性更高、致畸和致癌作用更强的类二英PCB后,人们对其污染的深入研究给予了新的关注。我们通过对我国最大废旧电器拆解主要集散地人群耵聍和乳汁中PCB的调查,以期反映该地区人群体内PCB蓄积和近期负荷水平。一、材料与方法1材料:随机采集污染区从事拆解业、非拆解业和对照区成人耵聍15～80mg各30人份,年龄为18～65岁;污染区和对照区哺乳期妇女乳汁10ml各30人份,年龄为23～29岁,采样时对其健康状况和饮食嗜好作一般检查和问卷调查。选择污染区1个较大拆解场,采集…     

吸入氧化铜烟雾致金属烟热事故一起

Qian Yalin;Ran Zheng;Li Feng     

GSTT1及GSTM1和CYP2E1基因多态性与二甲基甲酰胺所致肝脏损害的关系

Objective To investigate abnormal liver function associated with polymorphism of GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 in workers exposed to N,N- dimethylformamide.Methods Sixty-nine workers with abnormal liver function in a synthetic leather factory were recruited as case.One hundred and twenty five control subjects with similar work tasks were selected from the same factory.Genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined by multiplex PCR,and for CYP2E1 PstI by PCR-RFLP assay.Results The frequency of positive GSTM1 was 59.42% in cases and 38.40% in control,with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.34,95% CI:1.29～4.29 (P=0.005).For GSTT1 and CYP2E1 PstI,the frequencies of genotypes showed no significant difference between case and control.Conclusion GSTM1 positive genotype may be genetic risk factors for development of abnormal liver function in workers exposed to N,N- diroethylformamide.     

纳米化几丁聚糖对诱变剂引起的沙门菌回复突变的拮抗作用

目的研究纳米化几丁聚糖对诱变剂引起的鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变的拮抗作用。方法采用L12(3×44)正交设计,使几丁聚糖4个剂量组与9-氨基吖啶(9-AA)、2,7-氨基芴(2,7-AF)、叠氮纳(NaN3)、丝裂霉素C(MMC)、2-乙酰氨基芴(2-AAF)各3个剂量组均能交互作用于试验菌株各1次。通过平板掺入法进行Ames试验,每株菌 /-S9体外活化系统各设3个平行皿,计数每皿回变菌落数。结果加或不加S9体外活化系统时,在实验剂量范围内(纳米化几丁聚糖剂量为0、20、50、100mg/皿,诱变剂9-AA、2,7-AF、NaN3和2-AAF剂量为1、5、10μg/皿,MMC剂量为1、2、3μg/皿),纳米化几丁聚糖可使诱变剂诱导的TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株回复突变率均降低到阳性标准之下。结论纳米化几丁聚糖可以降低不同诱变剂引起的相应的鼠伤寒沙门菌株的回复突变,并呈现剂量依赖性。     

人乳中多氯联苯的测定

多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls，PCBs)是一类亲脂性、生物难降解性和高富集性的有机污染物，它们通过空气、水、食物污染和生物富集进入机体内，可引起人和动物一系列急、慢性毒性反应，一些PCBs的同系物会影响哺乳动物和鸟类繁殖，对人类具有潜在致癌性。     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.     

仿皮面料中二甲基甲酰胺残留量分析方法研究

仿皮面料中的二甲基甲酰胺 (ＤｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｆｏｒｍａｍｉｄｅＤＭＦ)是由原料本身及其后加工或染色过程中带入的。ＤＭＦ虽属低毒物质 ,但长期吸入高浓度ＤＭＦ的毒作用不容忽视 ,制衣行业近几年来ＤＭＦ职业中毒屡有发生[1,2 ] 。我们参照ＧＢ/Ｔ16 111 1995 [3 ] 和ＧＢ/Ｔ 2 912 .1 1998[4] 系统地研究了用气相色谱法测定仿皮面料中ＤＭＦ的残留量及排除该残留的方法。一、材料与方法1 仪器 :ＳＱ 2 0 4气相色谱仪 ,ＦＩＤ检测器 (北京分析仪器厂生产 )。色谱条件 :2 0ＭＰＥＧ∶ＫＯＨ∶6 2 0 1红色担体 (6 0～ 80目 ) =5∶5∶10 0 …     

二甲基乙酰胺职业接触及与尿中甲基乙酰胺的关系

[目的]探讨职业二甲基乙酰胺（DMAC）接触与尿中甲基乙酰胺（NMAC）的相关性。[方法]对3家氨纶生产企业6个工种201名工人进行空气中DMAC暴露浓度监测及工作周末班末尿样采集,同时对20名纺丝工连续一周空气样品和班末尿样的采集;分别用气相色谱测定空气中DMAC和尿中NMAC含量。[结果]氨纶生产过程中组件清洗工、纺丝工接触DMAC水平最高（P〈0.0033）,中位数分别为32.10、22.02mg/m3,其尿中NMAC浓度较其他工种高（P〈0.0033）,中位数分别为30.09、22.72mg/gCr;工作周末班末尿NMAC含量与空气中DMAC浓度呈直线相关,直线方程为log（U-NMAC）=0.685＋0.455×log（A-DMAC）（r=0.698,P=0.001）;长期DMAC接触者,接触2d后尿中NMAC呈较高水平（P〈0.0033）;个体DMAC接触代谢转化为NMAC的相对内暴露指数（RIE）与DMAC接触浓度呈负相关（rs=-0.781,P=0.001）。[结论]工作周末班末尿NMAC含量与空气中DMAC浓度呈良好对数线性关系。     

054杂环胺人体暴露的生物监测进展

杂环胺是致突变性、致癌性很强的物质,人体主要通过烹调肉类摄入,由于杂环胺在人体内的含量很低,分析检测比较困难,所以其在体内的代谢机制尚未明确.本文从杂环胺生物检材、暴露标志物、生物监测技术等方面进行综述,为国内杂环胺的进一步研究提供思路.