Previous research on sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India has largely relied on macro‐analysis of census data that do not contain the breadth of factors needed to explain patterns in SRB. Additionally, no previous research has examined the differentiation of factors associated with SRB across birth orders, a key determinant in societies affected by son preference. This study aims to fill these gaps using micro‐data related to 553,461 births occurring between 2005 and 2016 collected as part of the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey. Analyses used multivariable logistic regressions stratified by birth order to examine associations with SRB at the national level. The SRB at birth order 1 was outside the biological normal limit, and generally increased with birth order. First births in households with wealth in the middle and richest quintiles, with mothers who desired a higher ideal number of sons than daughters, and in lower fertility communities had a higher probability of being male. Most SRB correlates were visible at birth orders 3 or higher. Programs and policies designed to address India's male‐skewed SRB must consider the diverse factors that influence SRB, particularly for higher order births. 相似文献
Various noninvasive tests for risk stratification of sudden cardiac death (SCD) were studied, mostly in the context of structural heart disease such as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy and heart failure but have low positive predictive value for SCD. Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) on a 12-lead ECG is a marker of depolarization abnormality. fQRS include presence of various morphologies of the QRS wave with or without a Q wave and includes the presence of an additional R wave (R’) or notching in the nadir of the R’ (fragmentation) in two contiguous leads, corresponding to a major coronary artery territory. fQRS represents conduction delay from inhomogeneous activation of the ventricles due to myocardial scar. It has a high predictive value for myocardial scar and mortality in patients CAD. fQRS also predicts arrhythmic events and mortality in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. It also signifies poor prognosis in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and Brugada syndrome. However, fQRS is a nonspecific finding and its diagnostic prognostic should only be interpreted in the presence of pertinent clinical evidence and type of myocardial involvement (structural vs. structurally normal heart). 相似文献
PURPOSE: Our goal was to compare initial operative and nonoperative management for periappendiceal abscess complicating appendicitis. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 155 consecutive patients with appendicitis complicated by periappendiceal abscess treated between 1992 and 1998. Eighty-eight patients were treated initially nonoperatively, and 67 patients were treated operatively. All patients had localized abdominal tenderness and either computed tomography or intraoperative documentation of an abscess. RESULTS: Our patient population consisted of 107 males and 48 females, with an average age of 33 (range, 16–75) years. Age, gender, comorbidity, white blood cell count, temperature, and heart rate did not differ significantly between groups. For the initial nonoperative management group, the failure rate was 5.8 percent and the appendicitis recurrence rate was 8 percent after a mean follow-up of 36 weeks. The response to treatment of the initial nonoperative group and the initial operative group was compared by length of stay (9±5 daysvs. 9±3 days;P=not significant), days until white blood cell count normalized (3.8±4 daysvs. 3.1±3 days;P=not significant), days until temperature normalized (3.2±3 daysvs. 3.1±2 days;P=not significant), and days until a regular diet was tolerated (4.7±4 daysvs. 4.6±3 days;P=not significant). Complication rate was significantly lower in the nonoperative group (17vs. 36 percent;P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Initial nonoperative management of appendicitis complicated by periappendiceal abscess is safe and effective. Patients undergoing initial nonoperative management have a lower rate of complications, but they are at risk for recurrent appendicitis.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Boston, Massachusetts, June 24 to 29, 2000. 相似文献
We have investigated the effect of shilajit on lipid peroxidation and glutathione content in rat liver homogenate. It inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by cumene hydroperoxide and ADP/Fe++ complex in a dose dependent manner. It also reduced the rate of oxidation of reduced glutathione content and inhibited ongoing lipid peroxidation, induced by these agents immediately after its addition to the incubation system. 相似文献
Treatment of extensive intracranial venous sinus thrombosis with thrombolytic drugs is described, although the indications for and most efficacious technique for achieving thrombolysis remain uncertain. We report the successful lysis of superficial and deep venous system thrombosis by infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) into the anterior superior sagittal sinus.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 34-year-old man presented with headaches followed by decreased level of consciousness and left hemiplegia. Angiography showed thrombosis of the superior sagittal and both transverse and straight sinuses with extension into the internal cerebral veins. The superior sagittal sinus was catheterized via a transfemoral route and rt-PA, 25 mg, was infused. There was no significant change in the thrombosis. The catheter was left in place and rt-PA was infused at 1 mg/minute for 19 hours. Repeat angiography showed resolution of the thrombosis. The patient was placed on heparin and then coumadin. He recovered completely.
CONCLUSIONS
This report suggests that superselective infusion of thrombolytics into thrombosed intracranial venous sinuses can lyse intracranial venous sinus thrombosis. The thrombolytic agent must be infused for hours. The apparent successful lysis of clot in the deep venous system when infusion was into the superior sagittal sinus might be related to diffusion of rt-PA throughout the intracranial venous system or to improved venous outflow caused by lysis of clot in superficial dural sinuses. 相似文献
"Ecstasy" [(+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA] is a CNS stimulant, whose use is increasing despite evidence of long-term neurotoxicity. In vitro, the majority of MDMA is demethylenated to (+/-)-3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (DHMA) by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). We investigated the demethylenation of MDMA and dextromethorphan (DEX), as a comparison drug, in reconstituted microsomes expressing the variant CYP2D6 alleles (*)2, (*)10, and (*)17, all of which have been linked to decreased enzyme activity. With MDMA, intrinsic clearances (V(max)/K(m)) in CYP2D6.2, CYP2D6.17, and CYP2D6.10 were reduced 15-, 13-, and 135-fold, respectively, compared with wild-type CYP2D6.1. With DEX, intrinsic clearances were reduced by 37-, 51-, and 164-fold, respectively. It was evident that CYP2D6.17 displayed substrate-specific changes in drug affinity (K(m)). Compounds potentially used with MDMA [fluoxetine, paroxetine, (-)-cocaine] demonstrated significant inhibition of MDMA metabolism in both human liver and CYP2D6.1-expressing microsomes. These data demonstrate that individuals possessing the CYP2D6(*)2, (*)17, and, particularly, (*)10 alleles may show significantly reduced MDMA metabolism. These individuals, and those taking CYP2D6 inhibitors, may demonstrate altered acute and/or long-term MDMA-related toxicity. 相似文献