Impact of the Initial Phase Composition of Alloys on the Effects Manifested by Yield Sites That Occur on Sheet Aluminum Alloys Subjected to Impact-Oscillatory Loading

The impact of the initial phase composition of alloys was evaluated, in particular, the content of Cu, Mn, and Mg in aluminum alloys D16ChATW, 2024-T351 and aluminum alloy T, which in its physical and mechanical characteristics is close to alloy 6013. The impact was evaluated on the effects manifested by yield sites that occur on aluminum alloys that were subject to the dynamic non-equilibrium processes (DNPs) at the expense of impact-oscillatory loading of different intensities under conditions of static tensioning, The one-time DNP, to which the investigated aluminum alloys were subjected at the pre-set levels of elastic strain followed by static tensioning, was found to cause yield sites formation. This is due to self-organization of the alloy structure, which contributes to alloy plasticization. The initial phase alloys composition impact on the yield sites, which occurs when impulse energy of a different intensity is applied to the alloys, was analyzed. The specimens from the aluminum alloys undergoing DNPs of the same level were compared. This made it possible to conclude that alloys D16ChATW and 2024-T351, which have a higher content of Cu, Mn, and Mg, have longer yield sites upon subsequent static tensioning. On the basis of the experimental results, in particular, physical studies, the authors derived a physical and mathematical model of the yield sites that appear after DNPs.     

Comparison of complications after Ahmed versus Baerveldt implant in glaucoma patients: one year follow-up

AIM: To compare surgical results of the Ahmed and Baerveldt implant procedures in glaucoma patients at 1y follow-up at Jakarta Eye Center (JEC) Eye Hospitals. METHODS: This cohort retrospective study was conducted on glaucoma patients aged ≥18y who had undergone Ahmed and Baerveldt implant surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, glaucoma medication, success rate, early and late postoperative complications, and the number of resurgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 351 eyes in the Ahmed group and 94 eyes in the Baerveldt group were included in this study. At 1y follow-up, the mean IOP was found to be significantly lower in the Baerveldt group (13±4.47 mm Hg) compared to the Ahmed group (15.02±5.73 mm Hg; P=0.025). Glaucoma medication was required in both the Ahmed and Baerveldt groups (58.92% vs 71.67%). Comparable success rate was found in both groups. The Ahmed group revealed a complete and qualified success of 86.82%, and failure of 13.17%. Similarly, the Baerveldt group showed complete and qualified success in 87.75% and failure in 12.25% cases. In the Ahmed group, 11.97% early complications, 26.06% late complications and 9.97% resurgeries were observed. In comparison, in the Baerveldt group, 23.40% early complications, 30.95% late complications and 11.70% resurgeries were observed. CONCLUSION: Both groups of glaucoma implants show significant IOP reduction, however, the Baerveldt implant group demonstrates greater IOP reduction with more failure rates and complications than the Ahmed implant group.     

The validity of self‐reported cancer in an Australian population study

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the validity of self‐reported cancer data by comparing it to the Australian Cancer Database (ACD). Methods: Self‐reported data were obtained from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, which were then linked to the ACD up until 31 December 2010. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Cohen's kappa coefficient (?) was also calculated to assess the agreement between self‐reported cancer and the ACD. Logistic regression was used to examine the determinants associated with false negative and false positive reporting. Results: The overall sensitivity of self‐report cancer was 71.1%, and sensitivities showed great variation by cancer site. Higher sensitivities were observed for breast (90.7%), bowel (77.8%) and prostate (77.1%) cancers, whereas the lowest sensitivity was observed for melanoma of the skin (36.9%). Similarly, the kappa coefficient analysis showed substantial agreement for self‐reported breast cancer (?= 0.79) and moderate agreement for melanoma (?= 0.45) against the ACD. Years since cancer diagnosis and older age were associated with false negative reporting and older age was associated with false positive reporting. Conclusions and implications: The use of self‐reported cancer to collect cancer outcomes has varying reliability, depending on cancer type and population. The findings presented here may assist medical researchers in making informed decisions when conducting research using self‐reported cancer data in Australia where the acquisition of registry data is not feasible.     

Analysis of ultrastructural synaptic apparatus in parietal neurocortical and midbrain neurons in animals with experimental mild craniocerebral injury prior to and following magneto-laser therapy

Background

Magnetic laser therapy is widely used in general medicine in a complex treatment of many diseases. This is due to its unique and versatile biological properties; it which activates intracellular metabolic processes and expedites the repair of damaged tissues. Magnetic laser therapy is an important area of modern theoretical and clinical physiotherapy; It is used in the treatment of dermatological, general surgical, endocrinological, and dental diseases; pain syndromes; and other conditions.

Objectives

Our objective is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of magnetic laser therapy in experimental mild traumatic brain injury in rabbits.

Material and Methods

We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of magnetic laser therapy in experimental mild traumatic brain injury in 20 rabbits based on an analysis of ultrastructure of synaptic apparatus of neurons in the parietal and midbrain regions. Magnetic transcranial laser influence exercised by our developed method.

Results

The course of magnetic laser therapy led to statistically significant changes in quantitative characteristics of the ultrastructural components in the synaptic apparatus of neurons that express the activation of compensatory processes and restoration of structural and functional integrity of the synaptic apparatus of neurons in experimental mild traumatic brain injury.     

Molecular proximity of seprase and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor on malignant melanoma cell membranes: dependence on beta1 integrins and the cytoskeleton

Previous studies have shown that several proteolytic enzymes are associated with membrane protrusions at the leading edge of migrating tumor cells. In this study we demonstrate that seprase and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), co-localize in the plasma membrane of LOX malignant melanoma cells. Cells were labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against seprase and uPAR. Proximity between these two molecules was detected with resonance energy transfer (RET) imaging, single-cell emission spectrophotometry, and single-cell excitation spectrophotometry. Significant RET signals were detected on LOX cells when adherent to uncoated and extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surfaces. This indicates that seprase and uPAR are within approximately 7 nm in the plasma membrane of LOX cells. When LOX cells adhered to a 3D extracellular-like matrix, seprase-uPAR complexes were found to be associated with invadopodia. Further microscopy experiments demonstrated gelatinolytic activity, a functional attribute of seprase, in association with seprase-uPAR membrane domains. Formation of seprase-uPAR membrane complexes is dependent upon both the cytoskeleton and integrins. Specifically, the involvement of beta(1)-integrins was demonstrated by the inhibition of RET by an inhibitory anti-beta(1)-integrin mAb. Based on these findings, we speculate that formation of heterogeneous lytic domains in the invading membranes of LOX cells increases the efficiency of directed pericellular proteolysis.     

Language of Transducer Manipulation

There is a need for consistent, repetitive, and reliable terminology to describe the basic manipulations of the ultrasound transducer. Previously, 5 basic transducer motions have been defined and used in education. However, even with this effort, there is still a lack of consistency and clarity in describing transducer manipulation and motion. In this technical innovation, we describe an expanded definition of transducer motions, which include movements to change the transducer's angle of insonation to the target as well as the location on the body to optimize the ultrasound image. This new terminology may allow for consistent teaching and improved communication in the process of image acquisition.     

The role of omega-3 fatty acids contained in olive oil on chronic inflammation

Nowadays, people have been eating lots of unhealthy dietary excesses, that make them have chronic inflammatory diseases or known as chronic diseases. Countless millions of people worldwide can not help eating selectively massive quantities of unhealthy foods, until they become sick, often mortality. The omega-6 fatty acids account for the majority of PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) in the food supply. They are the pre-dominant PUFA in all diets, especially the western diets, which produce pro-inflammatory metabolic products. The persistent antigenic or cytotoxic effects will lead to chronic inflammation. Olive tree is native to the Mediterranean basin and parts of Asia Minor. Its compression-extracted oil from the fruit has a wide range of therapeutic and culinary applications. It had been used as aphrodisiacs, emollients, laxatives, nutritives, sedatives, and tonics. In the later part of the 20th century, several studies had revealed that the olives in the Mediteranian diet is linked to a reduced incidence of degenerative diseases. It is one of phytomedicine which has omega-3 fatty acid as its constituent, may inhibit inflammation composing chronic inflammatory process in many chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and even cancer.     

Improved outcomes using a systematic and evidence-based approach to the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a single academic institution

No standardized approach exists for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). At a newly instituted bariatric surgery program, four experienced laparoscopic surgeons used the systematic and evidence-based approach consisting of multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation, screening, and education; standardized operative technique; inpatient clinical pathway; and close postoperative follow-up. The outcomes were subsequently analyzed to determine if this approach improved the morbidity and mortality. From January 2003 to June 2006, 835 consecutive LRYGBs were performed. The patient population was 85 per cent women with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 50.4 kg/m2 (range 33-96 kg/m2). The mean age was 44 (range 15-67). Sixty-two per cent of the patients had previous abdominal or pelvic operations. The conversion rate to open surgery was 0.2 per cent. The average length of hospital stay was 2.6 days (range 2-13 days). There were no anastomotic leaks or deaths. The 30-day readmission and re-operation rates were 3.2 per cent and 1.8 per cent, respectively. The incidence of anastomotic stricture, marginal ulcer, bleeding, pulmonary embolism, and internal hernia was 0.8 per cent, 3.5 per cent, 4.2 per cent, 0.1 per cent, and 0.4 per cent, respectively. A systematic and evidence-based approach to the LRYGB by experienced laparoscopic surgeons resulted in a lower incidence of complications when compared with the published results from other comparable institutions.