Long-term survivorship analysis of cruciate-sparing versus cruciate-sacrificing knee prostheses using meniscal bearings

A comprehensive, interchangeable, low-contact-stress, mobile-bearing knee prosthesis system was developed and used over a 12-year period with both cemented and cementless fixation. Individual components of the system included a bicruciate-retaining meniscal bearing, a posterior cruciate-retaining meniscal bearing, and a cruciate-sacrificing, rotating-platform tibial component mated to the same femoral and rotating patellar components. Survivorship analysis of each implant type was performed to identify specific failure modes and trends for long-term survival of the implants in a wide variety of primary knee arthroplasties. Clinically, there were 46 prostheses of the bicruciate type followed for up to 12 years, 57 prostheses of the posterior-cruciate type followed for up to six years, and 108 prostheses of the rotating-platform type followed for up to ten years. All knees in this study had rotating-bearing patellar prostheses. Cumulative survivorship analysis using an end point of implant revision or a poor knee score revealed a small early failure rate of each implant in the first three years, associated with technical positioning or undersizing errors. This study indicates a predictable long-term survival of both cruciate-retaining and cruciate-sacrificing mobile-bearing knee prostheses as well as rotating-bearing patellar prostheses when used in primary knee arthroplasties that minimized technical errors of insertion.     

Dizziness and the autonomic dysfunction syndrome

Dizziness resulting from inner ear or CNS disease has been well described. However, there is a large number of patients for whom dizziness does not seem to be related to either the ears or the CNS. We postulate an abnormality in the autonomic nervous system of such patients and have used standard tilt testing and Valsalva methods to assess the abnormality. Based on the results of these tests, we can suggest therapeutic options.     

Multicenter retrospective development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for nosocomial invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting

The study presented here was performed in order to create a rule that identifies subjects at high risk for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting. Retrospective review and statistical modelling were carried out on 2,890 patients who stayed at least 4 days in nine hospitals in the USA and Brazil; the overall incidence of invasive candidiasis in this group was 3% (88 cases). The best performing rule was as follows: Any systemic antibiotic (days 1–3) OR presence of a central venous catheter (days 1–3) AND at least TWO of the following—total parenteral nutrition (days 1–3), any dialysis (days 1–3), any major surgery (days −7–0), pancreatitis (days −7–0), any use of steroids (days −7–3), or use of other immunosuppressive agents (days −7–0). The rate of invasive candidiasis among patients meeting the rule was 9.9%, capturing 34% of cases in the units, with the following performance: relative risk 4.36, sensitivity 0.34, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.01, and negative predictive value 0.97. The rule may identify patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis. Results of this project were partially presented at Focus on Fungal Infections 14, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2004. Abstract no. 51.     

Enterovesical fistula secondary to mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendix

We report an unusual case of an enterovesical fistula secondary to adenocarcinoma of the appendix.     

The effect of somatostatin on experimental intestinal obstruction.

The effect of somatostatin (SS-14) was tested in an anesthetized rabbit model of closed-loop ileal obstruction. Experimental groups included (1) immediate treatment (N = 6) receiving SS-14 2,000 pmol X kg-1 X h-1 intravenously (I.V.) beginning at the time of ileal obstruction, (2) delayed treatment (N = 5) receiving SS-14 beginning 6 hours following ileal obstruction, and (3) control (N = 6) receiving only hydration. After 24 hours, all rabbits were killed. Significantly decreased intestinal luminal volume and sodium and potassium output was observed with both immediate and delayed SS-14 treatment when compared to control. Additionally, the gross and microscopic pathologic features of intestinal distension, inflammation, and necrosis seen in control rabbits were absent in rabbits treated with SS-14. The known broad spectrum of physiologic activity of SS-14 on the gastrointestinal tract appeared beneficial in this rabbit model of intestinal obstruction.     

Combined percutaneous antegrade and cystoscopic retrograde approach in the treatment of distal ureteric fistulae

Purpose To determine the efficacy of a cystoscopic approach, as definitive treatment of ureteral fistulae, after failure of antegrade ureteral stent insertion.Methods Of 43 ureter fistulae encountered over 4 years, 10 postoperative and/or postradiotherapy fistulae could not be stented via an antegrade approach alone. A cystoscopic approach was used, with the antegrade approach available as back-up, if necessary.Results In two patients the ureteral orifice could not be visualized cystoscopically, thus precluding the retrograde approach. In the eight remaining patients, the retrograde approach alone never allowed successful stenting. In six patients, combined antegrade and retrograde approaches permitted stent insertions. In three of those six patients, a complex catheterization procedure was necessary. In two patients the combined approach failed altogether. Therefore, 6 of 10 patients underwent a successful stenting procedure with the combined approach; all ultimately closed the fistula.Conclusion Antegrade stent insertion remains the treatment of choice for ureteral leaks. If the antegrade approach fails, the retrograde approach alone is not likely to be successful. Instead, a combination of both approaches often does succeed.     

Outcome analysis in 654 surgically treated lumbar disc herniations.

This article reports the outcomes of 654 consecutive patients treated during a 4.5-year period. Patients had a microdiscectomy, a laminectomy plus microdiscectomy, or a decompressive laminectomy with a microdiscectomy. The causes of ruptured discs were lifting (31.4%), falls (10.2%), and sports (10.0%). Almost all patients had complained of leg pain (99%), and 79% had radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution. Thirty-three percent of the patients had been involved in industrial accidents, and 6% had legal claims pending during the surgical period. Almost 11% of the patients had complications, and there was one death caused by abdominal arterial bleeding. Patients were also rated according to the Prolo Functional-Economic Outcome Rating Scale to improve the ability to compare series in the future. Almost 80% of the patients had good outcomes as defined by scores on this scale of 8 (16.2%), 9 (33.2%), and 10 (26.9%). Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of this series: 1) most patients had good outcomes; 2) patients with nonindustrial injuries had better outcomes than did patients with industrial injuries; 3) professionals with legal concerns and laborers with industrial insurance had good outcomes; and 4) the Functional-Economic Outcome Rating Scale appears to be a useful tool for comparing different procedures more objectively and for comparing the outcomes across series.     

Lateral Skull Base Surgery: The Otology Group Experience

Lateral skull base surgery has remained the surgical frontier of new developments in the treatment of lesions heretofore difficult to access. Examination of surgical results stimulates technical innovation and provides an intervention risk-benefit ratio assessment for particular lesions useful in management planning. With this in mind, we report the updated collective experience with lateral skull base surgery at the Otology Group over the past 20 years. Two hundred ninety-eight patients underwent surgical intervention for lateral skull base lesions. In 81 patients these lesions were malignant; in 217, benign. Of the benign lesions, 165 were glomus tumors: 139 glomus jugulare, 19 glomus vagale, and 7 glomus tympanicum. The remainder comprised 21 menigniomas, 14 neuromas, two neurofibromas, and a small group of much rarer entities. The philosophy of surgical approach, results, and follow-up are discussed.