Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale

Abstract The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α= 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.     

Proliferative Effect of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Pulsed Macrophages on T Cells from Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis and Inhibition of Effect by IgG

The authors have previously reported that homologous immunoglobulin (Ig)G reduces the occurrence of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, mainly by suppressing recruitment of immunocompetent cells into colitis lesions. However, the mechanisms of cell recruitment and of its suppression by IgG remain unclear. In addressing these questions, this study focused on the activation of T cells in the presence of macrophages. The authors found that [³H]-thymidine uptake of T cells from DSS-induced colitis mice, but not from normal mice, was significantly enhanced when cultured with DSS-pulsed macrophages. From the profile of cytokine production, it was suggested that T helper 1 (Th1)-type cells become predominant during stimulation. Addition of homologous IgG significantly suppressed T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while no suppressive effect was observed with heterologous IgG. Mouse IgG F(ab')₂, but not Fc, fragments partially mimicked the suppressive effect of whole IgG. These findings provide evidence that Th1-type cells may play an important role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that homologous IgG exerts its protective action at least in part through the F(ab')₂ portion.     

Different effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on sarcoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle in dog mesenteric artery

Background: The direct effect of halothane on vascular smooth muscle is mediated in part via its effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Little information is available concerning the effects of other volatile anesthetics including isoflurane and sevoflurane, whose vascular effects differ from those of halothane. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on the SR by testing the contraction induced by caffeine in vascular smooth muscle. Methods: Rings without endothelium from isolated canine mesenteric artery were mounted in physiological saline solution (PSS) for isometric tension recording. After complete depletion of Ca²⁺ from the SR by adding 35 mM caffeine, the rings were exposed to normal Ca²⁺ containing PSS (Ca²⁺ loading), to Ca²⁺-free PSS for 10 min, and then to 15 mM caffeine to induce contraction. Anesthetics were administered during Ca²⁺ loading, the Ca²⁺-free phase and simultaneously with caffeine administration. Results: Halothane (0.5-2%) attenuated the caffeine-induced contraction of canine mesenteric artery when administered during Ca²⁺ loading in the SR (P<0.001), whereas isoflurane and sevoflurane (1–4%) failed to affect the contraction. When given simultaneously with caffeine, halothane (1–2%) potentiated the caffeine-induced contraction (P<0.05), but isoflurane and sevoflurane had no effect. When given before caffeine administration, halothane (0.5-2%), isoflurane (24%) and sevoflurane (4%) all potentiated the caffeine-induced contraction (P<0.05). Conclusion: It has been shown that halothane not only potentiates caffeine- induced Ca²⁺ release from the SR, but also induces contraction by releasing Ca²⁺ from the SR. We conclude that halothane decreases Ca²⁺ accumulation in the SR while exerting facilitative and additive effects on caffeine-induced Ca²⁺ release from the SR when applied before caffeine administration and simultaneously with caffeine, respectively, whereas isoflurane and sevoflurane lack both the ability to decrease Ca²⁺ accumulation and an additive effect on caffeine-induced Ca²⁺ release from the SR, but are able to facilitate Ca²⁺ release by caffeine.     

DIRECT VASOCONSTRICTOR AND VASODILATOR EFFECTS OF PROPOFOL IN ISOLATED DOG ARTERIES

We have measured the direct effects of propofol 10^–7-10^–4mol litre^–1 on isolated canine cerebral, coronary, mesenteric,femoral and renal arteries. In arterial strips precontractedsubmaximally with potassium chloride or prostaglandin F₂     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a patient on hemodialysis

Laparoscopic cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation were performed on a 52-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Her volume of urine production was approximately 100 mL/day. Excisions of the bladder and uterus with ligation of the bilateral ureter were conducted completely laparoscopically. Total operative time was 280 min and the amount of blood loss was 60 mL. No complications were seen perioperatively and no adverse events regarding ureteric ligation arose. HD was performed on the second postoperative day. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of disease.     

Inhibitory Effect of MK-801 on Amantadine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Rat Striatum

In the present study, we examined the effect of amantadine on extracellular dopamine levels in the rat striatum using an in vivo microdialysis. Perfusion of amantadine (0.1–1 mM) through the microdialysis probe caused an increase both in extracellular dopamine and glutamate levels in rat striatum. Amantadine was found to increase extracellular dopamine concentration in Ca²⁺-dependent manner, but the effect was not abolished by ω-conotoxin. Although intraperitoneal administration of MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine] alone could not significantly alter the concentration of dopamine, it attenuated amantadine-induced increase in dopamine level. These findings suggest that an interaction between dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission is an important component in the regulation of striatal dopamine levels. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.