Adhesive fragment reattachment after orthodontic extrusion: a case report

Abstract –  In the treatment of crown fractures, adhesive fragment reattachment provides a good alternative to other restorative techniques, offering several advantages. The present paper reports a case in which the treatment of a cervical crown fracture was accomplished by reattaching the tooth fragment with a flowable resin composite. Orthodontic root extrusion was performed with a modified Hawley appliance prior to fragment reattachment. The clinical and radiographic results after 2.5 years were successful.     

Mortality from asthma in children and young adults in Louisiana.

BACKGROUND: Asthma mortality rates have been increasing despite our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma and advanced methods of treatment. Although there are many national studies of asthma mortality rates, few studies have concentrated on subnational regions such as individual states. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the trends in asthma mortality in children and young adults during the last 15 years in Louisiana. METHODS: Asthma mortality data were acquired from the Louisiana State Center for Health Statistics for the years 1983 through 1997. All asthma deaths coded International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision 493 were included in the data set along with year, sex, and rate characteristics. State population estimates obtained from the United States Bureau of Census for three 5-year periods (1983 to 1987, 1988 to 1992, and 1993 to 1997) were used to calculate crude and adjusted mortality rates. These time periods were compared with one another and with the period 1983 to 1987, which was used as a baseline. RESULTS: For all residents, the mortality rate increased from 0.41 deaths per 100,000 persons during the 1983 to 1987 time period to 0.49 and 0.63 deaths per 100,000 persons during 1988 to 1992 and 1993 to 1997 time periods, respectively. Mortality rates have increased in both the white and non-white populations over the 15-year study period, with the most pronounced increases among the non-white population. CONCLUSION: Asthma mortality rates in Louisiana have increased, particularly among the non-white population, over the last 15 years, although the results are not statistically significant. When compared with other states, asthma mortality in Louisiana is lower than in the northeast and central north states.     

Multiple Perforations along the Entire Colon as a Complication of Intestinal Behcet's Disease: A Rare Case

Colonic complications of Behcet''s disease due to intestinal involvement are rarely reported in the literature. Ulcers are the most frequently seen intestinal complications that cause bleeding and perforation predominantly in the ileocecal region. In this article, we report a patient with Behcet''s disease who presented with multiple perforations along the entire colon. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed multiple ulcers containing lymphocytic infiltrations in the small peripheral and submucosal venules. Intimal thickening and fresh intraluminal fibrin thrombosis were also seen in these venules.     

A novel ITGB2 variant with long survival in patients with leukocyte adhesion defect type-I

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency that has been divided into three types: LAD1 (beta-2 integrin (CD18) family deficiency/defect), LAD2 (absence of fucosylated carbonhydrate ligands for selectins) and LAD3 (defective activation of all beta integrins). However, recently LAD4 has been described in cystic fibrosis patients, with a defect in integrin activation reported in monocytes. LAD-I is the most common type and prevalence of 1 in 1,000,000 live births. Clinical features of LAD patients are recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, omphalitis with delayed umbilical stump separation, significant leukocytosis especially neutrophilia during infection periods, impaired pus formation, and delayed traumatic or surgical wound healing. Flow cytometry is considered a useful tool for rapid diagnosis of the disease. The study of CD18 and CD11 (a, b, c) expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes helps to distinguish different phenotypes of LAD-I. In general, patients with ≥ 2% CD18 expression tend to have a less severe infection and often survive until adulthood, whereas < 2% CD18 expression often results in death in infancy. In this case report, three siblings, 10, 15, and 17 years old, diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion defect type 1 in adolescence age group, are presented.

     

Magnetic resonance image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver rhabdoid tumor in infancy: A case report

Extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors are rare and aggressive tumors that typically occur in the pediatric age group and have a poor prognosis. Herein, we report a case of a one year and five months old male infant who was referred with the diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver. Magnetic resonance guided stereotactic body radiotherapy was administered with concomitant chemotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated with no severe acute side effects. A 40.8% volumetric reduction of the tumor was observed at the last fraction of MR guided radiotherapy.     

The Influence of Different Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Alveolar Bone in Rats: An Experimental Study

The aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen trometamol, meloxicam, diclofenac sodium on any untreated alveolar bone when they are used as drugs for another indication.

Materials and Methods

Twenty eight male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups as dexketoprofen trometamol (Group I), meloxicam (Group II), diclofenac sodium (Group III) and control group. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were administered after a fibula fracture for 10 days. Untreated alveolar bone was histopathologically examined for spongious bone density, osteoclastic density and osteoblastic density.

Results

Spongious bone density was lower in study groups (Group I, group II and group III) than the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, the increase in osteoclastic density was observed in other groups apart from the control group (p<0.05). Osteoblastic density was evaluated and it was determined that group II and group III had lower results than the control group (p<0.05) but group I was equal to the control group.

Conclusion

This study showed that systemically administrated NSAIDs have the potential to affect untreated alveolar bone. This should also be considered in long term use of NSAIDs.Key Words: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, bone remodeling, osteoblast, osteoclast, maxillary bone     

Atrial electromechanical coupling intervals in pregnant subjects

Atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, may cause serious symptoms and impair quality of life.1 The development of AF is associated with many risk factors, including age, male gender, hypertension, heart failure, valvular disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) and left atrial (LA) enlargement.2-4 Electrical and/or mechanical remodelling of the atria is thought to be a pathophysiological characteristic of AF.5The pregnant state may be pro-dysrhythmic. This is related to the cardiovascular, hormonal, haemodynamic and autonomic changes during healthy pregnancy. Levels of oestrogen and β-human chorionic gonadotropin increase dramatically. Haemodynamic changes include an increase in circulating blood volume, which increases cardiac output. This results in myocardial stretch and an increase in cardiac end-diastolic volume. High plasma catecholamine concentrations and adrenergic receptor sensitivity increase sympathetic tone. All these changes in pregnant women may make them more prone to dysrhythmogenesis.6Most pregnant women complain of palpitations, dizziness and even syncope, but these symptoms are rarely associated with cardiac dysrhythmias. AF is the most common clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia in the general population but it is rarely seen in pregnant women. When it occurs, it can represent a benign, self-limited lone episode of AF or may be secondary to congenital or rheumatic valvular disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thyroid disease, or pre-excitation syndrome.Two simple electrocardiogram (ECG) markers, namely maximum P-wave duration (Pmax) and P-wave dispersion (PD), have been used to evaluate intra- and inter-atrial conduction times and the inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulses, which are well-known electrophysiological characteristics of the atrium prone to fibrillation.7,8 Prolonged Pmax and PD have been reported to represent an increased risk for AF in patients with no underlying heart disease.7,8 Besides, evidence from laboratory and epidemiological research suggests that systemic inflammation may play a role in AF aetiology.9 It has also been demonstrated that atrial electromechanical coupling, measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), as significantly longer in patients with paroxysmal AF than in control groups.10,11To our knowledge, no study evaluating PD and atrial electromechanical coupling has been investigated in pregnant subjects without additional systemic disease. Therefore, in this study we aimed to examine atrial electromechanical coupling and PD, reflecting inter-atrial conduction times in pregnant subjects.