全文获取类型
收费全文 | 133篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 105篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
基础医学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 68篇 |
内科学 | 19篇 |
特种医学 | 10篇 |
外科学 | 25篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 74篇 |
肿瘤学 | 13篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 66篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in breast cancer as a potential predictive marker of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
Cabioglu N Sahin A Doucet M Yavuz E Igci A O Yildirim E Aktas E Bilgic S Kiran B Deniz G Price JE 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2005,22(1):39-46
Interactions between the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in breast cancer cells and the ligand CXCL12/SDF-1α are thought to play an important role in breast cancer metastases. In this pilot study, CXCR4 expression along with other biomarkers including HER2-neu and EGFR, were measured in primary tumor samples of patients with operable breast cancer to test whether any of these biomarkers alone and in combination could indicate breast cancer with high likelihood of metastasizing to bone marrow. Cytokeratin (CK) positive cells in bone marrow were identified by flow-cytometry following enrichment with CK 7/8 antibody-coupled magnetic beads. Primary tumors (n = 18) were stained with specific antibodies for CXCR4, HER2-neu, EGFR, and PCNA using an indirect avidin–biotin horseradish peroxidase method. The majority of the patients had T2/T3 tumors (72%), or lymph node involvement (67%) as pathologic characteristics that were more indicative of high-risk breast cancer. High CXCR4 cytoplasmic expression was found in 7 of 18 patients (39%), whereas 6 of 18 patients (33%) were found to have CK positivity in bone marrow. The median number of CK+ cells was 236 (range, 20–847) per 5 × 104 enriched BM cells. The presence of CK+ cells in bone marrow was found to be associated with increased expression of CXCR4 alone or in addition to EGFR and/or HER2-neu expression (P = 0.013, P = 0.005, and P = 0.025, respectively) in primary tumors. Furthermore, three patients with high CK positivity (>236 CK+ per 5 × 104 enriched bone marrow cells) in bone marrow exclusively expressed high levels of CXCR4 with EGFR/HER2-neu (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that high CXCR4 expression in breast cancer may be a potential marker in predicting isolated tumor cells in bone marrow. CXCR4 coexpression with EGFR/HER2-neu might further predict a particular subset of patients with high CK positivity in bone marrow. 相似文献
2.
Associations between both genetic and environmental biomarkers and lung cancer: evidence of a greater risk of lung cancer in women smokers 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
Tang DL; Rundle A; Warburton D; Santella RM; Tsai WY; Chiamprasert S; Hsu YZ; Perera FP 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(11):1949-1953
This molecular epidemiologic case-control study of lung cancer incorporated
three complementary biomarkers: the glutathione S- transferase M1 (GSTM1)
null genotype, a potential marker of susceptibility, and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts (PAH- DNA) and sister chromatid exchanges
(SCE), both indicators of environmentally induced genetic damage.
Associations between biomarkers and lung cancer were investigated, as were
possible gene-environment interactions between the GSTM1 null genotype and
tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects included 136 primary non-small cell lung
cancer surgical patients and 115 controls at the Columbia Presbyterian
Medical Center. Questionnaire and Tumor Registry data, pre-treatment blood
samples and biomarker measurements on blood were obtained. Overall, GSTM1
null genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer [odds ratio
(OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-3.68]. ORs for GSTM1 and
lung cancer were significant in females (2.50, 1.09-5.72) and smokers
(2.25, 1.11-4.54) and not significant in males (1.4, 0.58-3.38) and
non-smokers (0.88, 0.18-4.33). However, ORs for males versus females and
smokers versus non-smokers did not differ significantly. The OR for GSTM1
and lung cancer in female smokers was 3.03 (1.09- 8.40), compared with 1.42
(0.53-4.06) in male smokers. In contrast to PAH-DNA adducts in leukocytes,
SCE did not differ between cases and controls. Neither biomarker differed
significantly between the two GSTM1 genotypes. The combined effect of
elevated PAH-DNA adducts and GSTM1 genotype on case-control status (16.19,
1.2-115) appeared multiplicative. Results suggest that the effect of the
GSTM1 null genotype is greatest in female smokers, which is consistent with
other evidence that indicates that women are at higher risk of lung cancer
than males, given equal smoking. Persons with both the GSTM1 deletion and
elevated PAH-DNA adducts may represent a sensitive subpopulation with
respect to carcinogens in tobacco smoke and other environmental media.
相似文献
3.
Sibel Ozkan Gurdal Beyza Ozcinar Munire Kayahan Abdullah Igci Mehtap Tunaci Vahit Ozmen Gulden Acunas Ekrem Yavuz Mustafa Kecer Mahmut Muslumanoglu 《Surgery today》2013,43(1):55-61
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on preoperative or intraoperative surgical planning.Methods
One hundred and sixty females with breast cancer were enrolled in the study. The contribution of MRI compared to MMG and USG, their histopathological concordance, and their impact on surgical treatment were evaluated prospectively.Results
In 48 (30.0%) of the patients, MRI identified suspicious lesions that were not detected by MMG and USG. The diagnosis by MRI was accurate in 17 (10.6%) of them, while in remaining 31 patients (19.4%) the additional lesions found by MRI and interpreted as malignant were found not to be malignant. The pathological accordance of MRI and MMG compared with USG were 69.3 and 70.0%, respectively, whereas individually, MMG and USG were in accordance with the pathological examination in 52.9 and 67.9% of the cases, respectively.Conclusions
Assessment of the tumor size, multifocality, multicentricity, and presence of ductal carcinoma in situ by MRI may lead to misinterpretations in the majority of patients. The surgical approach should not be changed based solely on MRI findings. An accurately interpreted MMG combined with USG may be sufficient in most cases. 相似文献4.
原发性胆汁性肝硬化自身抗体谱研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis, PBC)是一种慢性渐进性胆汁淤积性肝脏疾病, 以小胆管破坏为主要组织学特征的非化脓性炎症,并以血清中出现特征性自身抗体为主要标志.自身抗体对该病发病机制、诊断、治疗及预后均有重要意义.我们就PBC自身抗体谱研究进展作简要综述. 相似文献
5.
CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞是维持机体自身免疫耐受的调节性T细胞亚群,主要来源于胸腺, 与自身免疫性疾病的发生、发展密切相关.炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种病因未明侵犯胃肠道的自身免疫性疾病,免疫耐受异常是导致其发病主要因素之一.CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的异常表达可能与IBD的发病有关. 相似文献
6.
Objective To explore the characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 34 members of three families were studied. All patients and family members underwent history collection, clinical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) and a signal averaging electrocardiogram. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in five patients. Results All patients and family members had normal morphologic characteristics and normal function of the left ventricular by 2-DE. Fourteen persons had abnormal findings indicating ARVC. Five had enlargement of the right ventricular with diffused hypocontractility, eight had thin and systolic bulging in the focal anterior wall with hypokinesia and one had bulging of the inferior wall. Twenty-five persons (seven patients and 18 family members) had abnormal findings in ECG. Positive ventricular late potential was recorded in 13 persons (six patients). Two to three monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) configurations were induced in five patients. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in two patients during the electrophysiologic study (EPS). Five patients had very high pacing threshold and/or ineffective pacing in one or many regions of the right ventricle. Two members of one family died suddenly. One member was a dwarf with ARVC. Spontaneous VT with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) configuration was recorded in five patients, polymorphic VT with extremely short coupling interval in one, and premature ventricular complexes with LBBB configuration in 12 (six patients). Conclusion Our familial study strongly suggests that ARVC may be a hereditary disease and it is helpful in the diagnosis and detection of ARVC. The most common manifestations were abnormal structure and function of the right ventricle and abnormal ECG of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia which originates from the right ventricle. 相似文献
7.
Does the complication rate increase in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis? 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Asoglu O Ozmen V Karanlik H Igci A Kecer M Parlak M Unal ES 《Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A》2004,14(2):81-86
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has replaced open cholecystectomy for the treatment of gallbladder disease. Despite the well-accepted success of LC in chronic cholecystitis, the efficacy of this technique has been subject to some debate in acute cholecystitis (AC). This study was designed to evaluate our institution's experience with LC for AC and chronic symptomatic calculous cholecystitis (CC), based on complication and conversion rates to open surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 1158 patients with LC from September 1991 to December 2001 were analyzed. The parameters of age, gender, early and late complication rates, and conversion rates from LC to open cholecystectomy were compared in patients with AC and CC. RESULTS: During the study period, LC was performed in 1158 patients. Of these, 162 patients had AC (group 1) and 996 patients had CC (group 2). The conversion rates were 4.3% (7/162) in group 1 and 2.4% (24/996) in group 2. The complication rates were not significantly different (5.6% in group 1, 5.1% in group 2, P > 0.05). Difficulty in dissection around Calot's triangle and obscure anatomy were the main reasons for conversion to conventional open surgery. The mortality rate was 1.2% in group 1 and 0.01% in group 2. CONCLUSION: LC appears to be a reliable, safe, and effective treatment modality for AC and CC. The surgical approach should be performed carefully because of the spectrum of potential hazards of the laparoscopic procedure. Conversion and complication rates are similar in both AC and CC groups, and improve as surgeons gain experience. 相似文献
8.
0 引言 手术切除椎管内肿瘤是唯一有效的治疗方法 .由于病变部位的特殊性 ,手术难度大、危险性大 ,术后易出现神经损伤、脊髓缺血、水肿 ,发生呼吸障碍、高热、消化道出血、四肢瘫痪或截瘫等严重并发症 .其护理工作也具有一定的复杂性和特殊性 .1 临床资料 我院 2 0 0 0 - 0 5 / 11收治椎管内肿瘤患者 2 6 (男19,女 7)例 ,年龄 9~ 6 1岁 .颈椎段 14例 ,胸椎段 6例 ,腰椎段 5例 ,骶管内 1例 . 7例为转移瘤 ,2例为原发性胶质瘤 ,其余均为良性肿瘤 .本组患者以颈段椎管内肿瘤居多 (5 4% ) .2 讨论 为使患者安全渡过围手术期 ,术前健康教… 相似文献
9.
10.