肾细胞癌中抑癌基因PTEN的表达及生物学意义

目的 :研究抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌的表达及其生物学意义。方法 :应用免疫组织化学S P法检测 5例正常肾组织、18例癌旁肾组织和 40例肾细胞癌组织中抑癌基因PTEN的表达。结果 :5例正常肾组织和 18例癌旁肾组织均有较强的PTEN蛋白的表达 ,二者PTEN蛋白的表达强度、阳性细胞的分布形式无差异。抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌中的表达不同于正常肾组织和癌旁肾组织 ,12 5 %的肾细胞癌呈PTEN蛋白阴性 ;17 5 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈弱阳性 ;70 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈阳性或强阳性 ,与癌旁组织PTEN蛋白的染色强度无差异。PTEN蛋白阴性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为80 % ;PTEN蛋白阳性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为 2 0 %。PTEN蛋白阴性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率与PTEN阳性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :肾细胞癌中存在着抑癌基因PTEN的表达缺失和异常 ;抑癌基因PTEN的表达异常可能与肾细胞癌的发生、发展有关 ,抑癌基因PTEN是肾细胞癌的一种新的相关基因。     

LAT1表达水平与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后复发风险的相关性研究

目的：探讨L型氨基酸转运蛋白1(L-type amino acid transporter 1,LAT)表达水平与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后复发风险的相关性。方法：选取2021年2月至2022年2月于重庆医科大学附属永川医院接受手术治疗的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者108例作为研究对象,采用反转录酶聚合酶链反应测定膀胱癌组织(取自肿瘤所在部位区域)和癌旁组织(取自邻近正常区域组织)LAT1表达含量,对比膀胱癌组织和癌旁组织LAT1表达水平。同时根据膀胱癌组织LAT1表达含量的二分位数将所有患者分为高表达组和低表达组,对比2组临床病理参数。随访观察12个月观察2组术后复发情况,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析对比2组术后复发风险,使用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型确定术后复发的影响因素。结果：膀胱癌组织LAT1表达水平(1.80±0.35)较配对的癌旁组织LAT1表达水平(1.05±0.17)高(P<0.05);LAT1高表达组吸烟史、临床分期T₁占比较LAT1低表达组高(P<0.05);108例膀胱肿瘤患者术后的平均随访时间为(10.84±1.94)个月,...     

麻黄紫梅汤治疗寻常型银屑病临床观察

目的：观察麻黄紫梅汤治疗寻常型银屑病的临床疗效。方法：将120例寻常型银屑病的患者随机分成两组,治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组运用麻黄紫梅汤口服,每日1剂。对照组予迪银片,5片/次,2次/d。两组均1个月为1个疗程,同时外用凡士林软膏外搽。观察比较两组疗效、PASI积分及复发率的差异。结果：治疗组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为63.33%,在降低银屑病面积与严重程度指数（PASI）方面显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）,且复发率较对照组低（P〈0.05）。结论：麻黄紫梅汤治疗寻常型银屑病疗效确切,复发率低。     

中医药大学生创新创业引导机制探究

在当前的全球信息化时代,互联网、大数据等技术的发展促进了新产业的生成,同时社会对应用型人才的需求量加大,作为传统产业和文化传承的中医药专业大学生,随着科学技术发展,也应去粗取精,谋求创新发展,提高在信息时代的竞争力.基于此,本文对中医药学科领域开展创新创业教育的引导机制进行探究.     

Simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of UHMWPE with polydopamine-coated expandable graphite

The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer. Inspired by mussels, polydopamine (PDA) can be used as an effective interface modifier for EG to prepare ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with superior mechanical properties and high flame retardancy. The surface of expandable graphite (EG) was coated with a thin adhesive PDA film through self-polymerization of dopamine. The modified expandable graphite (EG@PDA) was combined with APP to prepare UHMWPE flame retardant composites. Compared with UHMWPE/APP/EG (with 20 wt% APP/EG), UHMWPE/APP/EG@PDA (with 20 wt% APP/EG@PDA) gives a decrement by 16.7% in limiting oxygen index, 29.7% in the peak of the heat release rate, 20.4% in total heat release and 49.3% in total smoke release, with an increment by 37% in tensile strength and 67.9% in elongation at break, respectively. It is suggested that the presence of PDA as an interface modifier can greatly improve the interfacial compatibility between EG and UHMWPE. Moreover, it can lead to forming more char residue and reducing the release of smoke particulates during combustion of the composites.

The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer.     

甘氨酸通过PTEN/Akt通路减轻脑出血大鼠神经损伤

探讨甘氨酸对脑出血大鼠神经损伤的保护作用及其机制。将48只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、甘氨酸组(分别给予0.5 mg/kg或2 mg/kg甘氨酸)。采用侧脑室注射自体血建立大鼠脑出血模型;干湿重法检测脑组织含水量,甲酰胺法检测血脑屏障通透性,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)法检测脑组织细胞凋亡的情况,实时聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测蛋白激酶B(Akt)、磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)mRNA的表达,免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测脑组织中Akt、PTEN蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,与模型组比较,2 mg/kg甘氨酸组大鼠脑组织含水量、EB含量、血肿块体积、凋亡细胞数量显著降低,Akt mRNA和蛋白的表达显著升高,PTEN mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。结果表明甘氨酸对大鼠脑出血造成的大鼠脑神经的损伤有一定的保护作用,这可能与甘氨酸干预的PTEN/Akt通路有关。     

奥美定隆乳注射患者术后取出的手术方式分析

探讨奥美定隆乳注射患者术后取出的手术方式。对我科收治的奥美定注射患者,根据其临床表现、B超和MRI检查分成包膜硬结型、散在团块型、液态游走型及混合型,对不同类型的患者采取不同的手术方式。比较其愈合时间、术后并发症及复发情况。乳腔镜手术在伤口愈合时间上显著短于乳晕切口包块取出术。液态游走型或混合型患者行乳腔镜下包块取出术,术后伤口感染、疾病复发率显著高于乳腺切除组。包膜硬结型、散在团块型可行乳腔镜包块取出术、乳晕切口包块取出术或乳腺部分切除术,以尽量保留乳腺的完整,液态游走型或混合型应行乳腺全切术以彻底根治。     

4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂在沟渠环境的灭螺效果观察

目的 评价4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂在沟渠环境的灭螺效果,为现场扩大应用提供科学依据. 方法 选择湖北省江陵县马家寨乡有钉螺孳生的5条垸内沟渠,随机选择其中2条沟渠为4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐（niclosamide ethanolamine powder,4％NEP）试验组,2条分别为26％四聚·杀螺胺悬浮液（sus-pension concentrate of 26％ metaldehyde and niclosamide,26％SCMN）和50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂（wetable powder of 50％ niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50％WPNES）对照组,1条为空白对照组.分别采用25、50 g/m2两种剂量的4％NEP剂进行喷粉法灭螺,与26％SCMN、50％WPNES喷洒灭螺效果进行比较.施药前及施药1、3、7d后,采用系统抽样法对5条沟渠按框距10 m设框进行钉螺调查,检测所有拣获钉螺,统计钉螺数量和死亡数.采用SPSS 17.0软件对施药后的钉螺死亡率进行统计学分析.分析不同药物的灭螺费用. 结果 施药后,各组钉螺死亡率均逐渐上升,25、50 g/m2两种剂量的4％NEP组施药1、3、7 d后钉螺死亡率依次为73.68％（336/456）、81.84％ （383/468）、80.75％（344/426）和74.76％（391/523）、85.86％ （425/495）、82.99％ （366/441）;26％SCMN组施药1、3、7d后的钉螺死亡率依次为70.77％ （351/496）、80.59％ （353/438）、82.01％ （319/389）;50％WPNES组施药1、3、7d后的钉螺死亡率依次为69.95％（291/416）、81.35％（314/386）、75.61％ （248/328）.经统计学分析,施药后1d,4％NEP 25 g/m2组、4％NEP50 g/m2组分别与50％ WPNES和26％ SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（x2分别为0.t48,1.500,1.007,2.696,2.052,P均＞0.05）;施药后3d,4％NEP 50 g/m2组与26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异有统计学意义（x2=4.650,P＜0.05）;4％NEP 25 g/m2组分别与4％NEP 50 g/m2组、50％WPNES组和26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2=2.880,0.034,0.230,P均＞0.05）;4％ NEP50 g/m2组与50％WPNES组比较,钉螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（x2=3.265,P＞ 0.05）.施药后7d,4％NEP 50 g/m2组与50％WPNES组比较,钉螺死亡率差异有统计学意义（x2=6.372,P＜ 0.05）;4％NEP 25 g/m2 组分别与4％NEP 50 g/m2组、50％WPNES组和26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2分别为0.734,2.904,0.211;P均＞0.05）;4％NEP 50 g/m2组与26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2=1.140,P＞ 0.05）.灭螺效果均优于对照组.4％NEP 25 g/m2、50 g/m2组灭螺费用分别为16.31元/100 m2、27.28元/100 m2;26％SCMN组费用为30.84元/100 m2;50％WPNES组费用为32.24元/100 m2. 结论 4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂可在缺少充足水源的沟渠环境实施灭螺,效果较好且较为便宜.     

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of azaphilones

Azaphilones have continuously aroused considerable attention owing to their structural diversity and significant biological activities recently. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of recent progress on the isolation, identification, and biological activity, along with synthetic and biosynthetic studies of azaphilones reported from October 2012 to December 2019. Herein, a total of 252 compounds predominantly originated from 32 genera of fungi, such as Penicillium (20%) and Talaromyces (11%), were included in this research with citations of 105 references. Among these azaphilones, approximately half of them were found with various biological activities, of which over 40% displayed cytotoxic/anti-tumor effects. This review would shed light on the future development and research of azaphilones.

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of structurally diverse azaphilones from 2012 to 2019.     

Reduced‐order observer‐based fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of discrete Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This paper addresses an issue on reduced‐order observer‐based robust fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems. By introducing a nonsingular coordinate transformation, a new nonlinear reduced‐order fault estimation observer (RFEO) is proposed with a wide application range in order to achieve an accurate estimation of both states and faults. Next, an improved algorithm is given to obtain the optimal estimation by using a novel iterative linear matrix inequality technique. Furthermore, an RFEO‐based output feedback fault‐tolerant controller, which is independent of the RFEO, can maintain the stability and performance of the faulty system. Simulation results of an aircraft application show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.