同种肾组织移植治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血的实验研究

以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠为受体，建立慢性肾功能衰竭动物模型，将鼠婴肾组织声多点植入受体双侧后肢皮下和筋膜下。结果表明，３０天后移植物的体积由１ｍｍ＾３增至４ｍｍ＾３大小，表面血管网丰富；光镜下见肾小球、肾小管结构正常。促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）着色颗粒主要分布在肾小球区，移植组着色程度明显增高。血红蛋白和４促红细胞生成素随移植的时间延长而逐渐升高，实验结果提示，此方法有可能为治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血提     

肾细胞癌中抑癌基因PTEN的表达及生物学意义

目的 :研究抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌的表达及其生物学意义。方法 :应用免疫组织化学S P法检测 5例正常肾组织、18例癌旁肾组织和 40例肾细胞癌组织中抑癌基因PTEN的表达。结果 :5例正常肾组织和 18例癌旁肾组织均有较强的PTEN蛋白的表达 ,二者PTEN蛋白的表达强度、阳性细胞的分布形式无差异。抑癌基因PTEN在肾细胞癌中的表达不同于正常肾组织和癌旁肾组织 ,12 5 %的肾细胞癌呈PTEN蛋白阴性 ;17 5 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈弱阳性 ;70 %的肾细胞癌PTEN蛋白呈阳性或强阳性 ,与癌旁组织PTEN蛋白的染色强度无差异。PTEN蛋白阴性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为80 % ;PTEN蛋白阳性的肾细胞癌 ,肾门淋巴结转移率为 2 0 %。PTEN蛋白阴性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率与PTEN阳性肾细胞癌的肾门淋巴结转移率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :肾细胞癌中存在着抑癌基因PTEN的表达缺失和异常 ;抑癌基因PTEN的表达异常可能与肾细胞癌的发生、发展有关 ,抑癌基因PTEN是肾细胞癌的一种新的相关基因。     

Effect of Liposome—Encapsulated Total Alkaloid of Harmaline on Rabbit Lens Epithelial Cells：Experimental Study on the Prevention of Posterior Capsule Opacification

Purpose: To investigate whether liposome encapsulated total alkaloid of Harmaline (TAH) as a therapeutic agent is beneficial to prevention of posterior capsular opacifi-cation (PCO).Methods: Liposome-encapsulated TAH was prepared by modified freeze-thawing method. 0. 1ml of liposome-encapsulated TAH (0. 2mg/ml) was injected into the capsular bag during extracapsular lens extraction (ECLE) of each eye in total 10 rabbit eyes. Blank liposome or balance salt solution (BSS) was used as control. Slit-lamp examination and histopathological examination was used to evaluated capsule opacifica-tion. Intraocular pressure (IOP) , density and morphology of corneal endothelia cells, the amplitude and latency of b wave of ERG were measured.Results: The inflammatory response was mild both in TAH treated and the control group. PCO formation occurred in the control group 2 weeks postoperatively, but the posterior capsule was clear in TAH treated eyes. 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation, PCO occurred both in TAH treated     

肝多发海绵状血管瘤经导管动脉超选择性插管栓塞的远期疗效观察

目的：回顾性评价肝多发海绵状血管瘤经动脉超选择性插管化疗栓塞的安全性、技术成功率及远期疗效。方法6例肝多发海绵状血管瘤患者,采用经动脉超选择性插管并以平阳霉素碘油乳剂（PYM‐Lip）实施完全性充填栓塞治疗,术后6、12、36个月行多排螺旋C T增强检查并进行相关统计学处理以评价远期疗效。结果肝多发海绵状血管瘤6例中共栓塞病灶26个,其中,成功栓塞病灶数分别为15个1例、2个4例、3个1例。26个病灶均不同程度缩小,其中,C T显示术后6、12、36个月被栓塞病灶直径缩小超过50％、直径缩小小于或等于50％、病灶消失分别为38％（10／26）、54％（14／26）、8％（2／26）,62％（16／26）、23％（6／26）、15％（4／26）,69％（18／26）、12％（3／26）、19％（5／26）。技术操作成功率100％,无严重并发症发生。手术前后病灶大小差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论肝多发海绵状血管瘤经动脉超选择栓塞技术操作成功率高、微创、并发症少、疗效显著。     

Simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of UHMWPE with polydopamine-coated expandable graphite

The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer. Inspired by mussels, polydopamine (PDA) can be used as an effective interface modifier for EG to prepare ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with superior mechanical properties and high flame retardancy. The surface of expandable graphite (EG) was coated with a thin adhesive PDA film through self-polymerization of dopamine. The modified expandable graphite (EG@PDA) was combined with APP to prepare UHMWPE flame retardant composites. Compared with UHMWPE/APP/EG (with 20 wt% APP/EG), UHMWPE/APP/EG@PDA (with 20 wt% APP/EG@PDA) gives a decrement by 16.7% in limiting oxygen index, 29.7% in the peak of the heat release rate, 20.4% in total heat release and 49.3% in total smoke release, with an increment by 37% in tensile strength and 67.9% in elongation at break, respectively. It is suggested that the presence of PDA as an interface modifier can greatly improve the interfacial compatibility between EG and UHMWPE. Moreover, it can lead to forming more char residue and reducing the release of smoke particulates during combustion of the composites.

The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer.     

甘氨酸通过PTEN/Akt通路减轻脑出血大鼠神经损伤

探讨甘氨酸对脑出血大鼠神经损伤的保护作用及其机制。将48只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、甘氨酸组(分别给予0.5 mg/kg或2 mg/kg甘氨酸)。采用侧脑室注射自体血建立大鼠脑出血模型;干湿重法检测脑组织含水量,甲酰胺法检测血脑屏障通透性,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)法检测脑组织细胞凋亡的情况,实时聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测蛋白激酶B(Akt)、磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)mRNA的表达,免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测脑组织中Akt、PTEN蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,与模型组比较,2 mg/kg甘氨酸组大鼠脑组织含水量、EB含量、血肿块体积、凋亡细胞数量显著降低,Akt mRNA和蛋白的表达显著升高,PTEN mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。结果表明甘氨酸对大鼠脑出血造成的大鼠脑神经的损伤有一定的保护作用,这可能与甘氨酸干预的PTEN/Akt通路有关。     

奥美定隆乳注射患者术后取出的手术方式分析

探讨奥美定隆乳注射患者术后取出的手术方式。对我科收治的奥美定注射患者,根据其临床表现、B超和MRI检查分成包膜硬结型、散在团块型、液态游走型及混合型,对不同类型的患者采取不同的手术方式。比较其愈合时间、术后并发症及复发情况。乳腔镜手术在伤口愈合时间上显著短于乳晕切口包块取出术。液态游走型或混合型患者行乳腔镜下包块取出术,术后伤口感染、疾病复发率显著高于乳腺切除组。包膜硬结型、散在团块型可行乳腔镜包块取出术、乳晕切口包块取出术或乳腺部分切除术,以尽量保留乳腺的完整,液态游走型或混合型应行乳腺全切术以彻底根治。     

4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂在沟渠环境的灭螺效果观察

目的 评价4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂在沟渠环境的灭螺效果,为现场扩大应用提供科学依据. 方法 选择湖北省江陵县马家寨乡有钉螺孳生的5条垸内沟渠,随机选择其中2条沟渠为4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐（niclosamide ethanolamine powder,4％NEP）试验组,2条分别为26％四聚·杀螺胺悬浮液（sus-pension concentrate of 26％ metaldehyde and niclosamide,26％SCMN）和50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂（wetable powder of 50％ niclosamide ethanolamine salt,50％WPNES）对照组,1条为空白对照组.分别采用25、50 g/m2两种剂量的4％NEP剂进行喷粉法灭螺,与26％SCMN、50％WPNES喷洒灭螺效果进行比较.施药前及施药1、3、7d后,采用系统抽样法对5条沟渠按框距10 m设框进行钉螺调查,检测所有拣获钉螺,统计钉螺数量和死亡数.采用SPSS 17.0软件对施药后的钉螺死亡率进行统计学分析.分析不同药物的灭螺费用. 结果 施药后,各组钉螺死亡率均逐渐上升,25、50 g/m2两种剂量的4％NEP组施药1、3、7 d后钉螺死亡率依次为73.68％（336/456）、81.84％ （383/468）、80.75％（344/426）和74.76％（391/523）、85.86％ （425/495）、82.99％ （366/441）;26％SCMN组施药1、3、7d后的钉螺死亡率依次为70.77％ （351/496）、80.59％ （353/438）、82.01％ （319/389）;50％WPNES组施药1、3、7d后的钉螺死亡率依次为69.95％（291/416）、81.35％（314/386）、75.61％ （248/328）.经统计学分析,施药后1d,4％NEP 25 g/m2组、4％NEP50 g/m2组分别与50％ WPNES和26％ SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（x2分别为0.t48,1.500,1.007,2.696,2.052,P均＞0.05）;施药后3d,4％NEP 50 g/m2组与26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异有统计学意义（x2=4.650,P＜0.05）;4％NEP 25 g/m2组分别与4％NEP 50 g/m2组、50％WPNES组和26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2=2.880,0.034,0.230,P均＞0.05）;4％ NEP50 g/m2组与50％WPNES组比较,钉螺死亡率差异无统计学意义（x2=3.265,P＞ 0.05）.施药后7d,4％NEP 50 g/m2组与50％WPNES组比较,钉螺死亡率差异有统计学意义（x2=6.372,P＜ 0.05）;4％NEP 25 g/m2 组分别与4％NEP 50 g/m2组、50％WPNES组和26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2分别为0.734,2.904,0.211;P均＞0.05）;4％NEP 50 g/m2组与26％SCMN组比较,钉螺死亡率间差异无统计学意义（x2=1.140,P＞ 0.05）.灭螺效果均优于对照组.4％NEP 25 g/m2、50 g/m2组灭螺费用分别为16.31元/100 m2、27.28元/100 m2;26％SCMN组费用为30.84元/100 m2;50％WPNES组费用为32.24元/100 m2. 结论 4％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂可在缺少充足水源的沟渠环境实施灭螺,效果较好且较为便宜.     

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of azaphilones

Azaphilones have continuously aroused considerable attention owing to their structural diversity and significant biological activities recently. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of recent progress on the isolation, identification, and biological activity, along with synthetic and biosynthetic studies of azaphilones reported from October 2012 to December 2019. Herein, a total of 252 compounds predominantly originated from 32 genera of fungi, such as Penicillium (20%) and Talaromyces (11%), were included in this research with citations of 105 references. Among these azaphilones, approximately half of them were found with various biological activities, of which over 40% displayed cytotoxic/anti-tumor effects. This review would shed light on the future development and research of azaphilones.

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of structurally diverse azaphilones from 2012 to 2019.     

Reduced‐order observer‐based fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of discrete Lipschitz nonlinear systems

This paper addresses an issue on reduced‐order observer‐based robust fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems. By introducing a nonsingular coordinate transformation, a new nonlinear reduced‐order fault estimation observer (RFEO) is proposed with a wide application range in order to achieve an accurate estimation of both states and faults. Next, an improved algorithm is given to obtain the optimal estimation by using a novel iterative linear matrix inequality technique. Furthermore, an RFEO‐based output feedback fault‐tolerant controller, which is independent of the RFEO, can maintain the stability and performance of the faulty system. Simulation results of an aircraft application show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.