全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2132篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 9篇 |
儿科学 | 26篇 |
妇产科学 | 23篇 |
基础医学 | 200篇 |
口腔科学 | 42篇 |
临床医学 | 227篇 |
内科学 | 622篇 |
皮肤病学 | 33篇 |
神经病学 | 209篇 |
特种医学 | 82篇 |
外科学 | 190篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
预防医学 | 113篇 |
眼科学 | 39篇 |
药学 | 70篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 352篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 71篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 97篇 |
2006年 | 98篇 |
2005年 | 130篇 |
2004年 | 94篇 |
2003年 | 99篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 89篇 |
2000年 | 98篇 |
1999年 | 83篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
1967年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2261条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
1.
Lucia Nogovà MD Volker Diehl MD Andreas Engert MD 《Current hematologic malignancy reports》2006,1(1):60-65
Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LPHL) differs in histologic and clinical presentation from classical Hodgkin’s
lymphoma (cHL). Treatment of LPHL patients using standard Hodgkin’s lymphoma protocols leads to complete remission in more
than 95% of patients. Survival and freedom from treatment failure are substantially worse in advanced-stage patients than
for early-stage patients. Thus, patients in advanced stages and those in early stages with unfavorable risk factors should
be treated similar to those with cHL. In contrast, patients with early-stage LPHL without risk factors might be sufficiently
treated with reduced-intensity programs having less severe adverse effects. As a result, treatment of early LPHL is rather
heterogeneous, including radiotherapy using extended-fleld technique, involved-fleld radiotherapy (IF-RT), combined-modality
treatment, and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies. Watch-and-wait strategy plays an important role in pediatric oncology,
to avoid adverse effects associated with therapy. IF-RT seems to be emerging as a treatment of choice for patients with stage
IA LPHL; most larger study groups, such as the German Hodgkin Study Group and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment
of Cancer, have adopted IF-RT as the treatment of choice for these patients. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Mapping scores onto stages: mini-mental state examination and clinical dementia rating. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Robert Perneczky Stefan Wagenpfeil Katja Komossa Timo Grimmer Janine Diehl Alexander Kurz 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2006,14(2):139-144
OBJECTIVE: Although the clinical course of Alzheimer disease (AD) is gradual, it is useful for a number of reasons to distinguish between different levels of severity. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) has demonstrated high validity and reliability for this purpose, but it requires a considerable amount of data to be collected both from the patient and from an informant. In the present study, the authors mapped Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores onto CDR categories to determine how well the MMSE performs as a surrogate of the CDR as a timesaving method of staging dementia. METHOD: Eight hundred sixty-three probands, including 524 patients with probable AD, 92 patients with questionable dementia, and 247 with memory complaints but no objective cognitive impairment, were included. Cutoff scores were identified on one-half of the sample using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The cutoff values were then applied to the other half of the sample, and the agreement between MMSE score ranges and CDR stages was determined by calculating Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: The MMSE discriminated well between CDR stages 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 but performed poorly in the separation between CDR stages zero and 0.5. The MMSE ranges were 30 for no, 26-29 for questionable, 21-25 for mild, 11-20 for moderate, and 0-10 for severe dementia. Substantial agreement between the two instruments was obtained for the categories mild (kappa=0.62, p<0.001, N=115), moderate (kappa=0.69, p<0.001, N=114), and severe dementia (kappa=0.76, p<0.001, N=39), whereas the agreement was moderate for no (kappa=0.44, p<0.001, N=120) and only fair for questionable dementia (kappa=0.28, p<0.001, N=42). CONCLUSION: The MMSE can be used as a surrogate measure for the CDR for the staging of dementia in AD. 相似文献
5.
Hematologic profiles of 462 persons, mostly active-duty service members, were studied to determine whether hematologic differences between blacks and whites exist in a healthy population. Whites had significantly greater mean concentrations of leukocytes (6.73 vs 5.95 x 10(9)/L), neutrophils (3.96 vs 3.16 x 10(9)/L), and hemoglobin (153 vs 135 g/L for men, 147 vs 125 g/L for women). The mean differences were largely due to relatively symmetric shifts in the frequency distributions for these cell concentrations. No significant correlation was found between neutrophil count and morbidity from infection as measured by a standardized questionnaire. The use of separate hematologic reference values for blacks and whites should be considered. 相似文献
6.
J. Thiele T. K. Zirbes J. Lorenzen H. M. Kvasnicka S. Scholz A. Erdmann U. Flucke V. Diehl R. Fischer 《Annals of hematology》1997,75(1-2):33-39
In order to determine the dynamics of hematopoietic cell turnover, proliferative activity and incidence of apoptosis (programmed
cell death) were evaluated in bone marrow trephine biopsies. Selection of patients (20 in each group) included in addition
to a control group, idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), reactive thrombocytosis (TH), secondary polycythemia-smokers' polyglobuly
(PG), primary (essential-hemorrhagic) thrombocythemia (PTH), polycythemia vera (PV), and finally acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Apoptosis was demonstrated by the in situ end-labeling technique (ISEL) and proliferative activity by applying the monoclonal
antibody PC10 raised against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). To assess dynamic features of hematopoiesis, an index
was calculated consisting of the ratio between PCNA-positive nuclei and the apoptotic cell fraction. This factor was termed
the hematopoietic turnover index (HTI). Morphometric analysis revealed that the HTI was significantly increased in AML and
PV. According to cell culture studies both disorders are characterized by either a prevalent proliferation of the myeloid
or erythroid cell mass. On the other hand, PG, PTH, and TH showed no relevant enhancement of this index in comparison to the
control specimen. In vitro experiment results are in keeping with the finding that PG and PTH are not associated with a significant
expansion of the erythroid lineage (CFU-E). Similar to ITP and TH, in PTH megakaryocyte proliferation (CFU-MEG) is the predominant
feature of cell turnover. Differences between PTH and TH are in line with the reduced in vitro formation of CFU-MEG in the
latter disorder. In conclusion, our in situ study on turnover rates of the bone marrow in various neoplastic and reactive
lesions extends previous experimental data on hematopoietic cell kinetics.
Received: 10 March 1997 / Accepted: 18 May 1997 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
Reducing waste of intravenous solutions. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A program to minimize the waste of i.v. drug solutions is outlined, and the results of audits to determine the effectiveness of the program are presented. The program for reducing i.v. solution waste at a 500-bed acute-care center involves measures to compound admixtures for individual shifts, recycle solutions, remove unused solutions from nursing units, use a standardized administration schedule and automatic stop orders, standardize total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions, use commercially prepared products when possible, verify telephone orders, and prepare labile products just before use. From January 1987 to January 1990, six 30-day audits were performed to determine the number of i.v. admixtures discarded. The audits showed the hospital's average rate of waste to be 3.27%, well below other published values. The medical and surgical intensive-care units, pediatrics wards, and general medicine units accounted for most of the waste, which was largely attributable to dosage changes and stat-type drugs ordered but never used. Poor communication between the pharmacy and the nursing units also contributed to sterile product waste. Although the audits showed that waste was already at a low level, they pointed out areas for further improvement. A computer linkup that gives physicians the formulas for i.v. solutions is being set up, the list of standardized TPN solution formulas is being expanded to include condition-specific solutions, and clinical pharmacists are establishing better communication with the nursing units. By using several methods to reduce the waste of i.v. solutions, a pharmacy department has limited the rate of waste to only 3.27%. 相似文献