Social-Emotional Predictors of Preschoolers'' Responses to Adult Negative Emotion

The study examined predictors of children's prosocial responses to adult negative emotions. An adult displayed anger, sadness and pain during play sessions with 39 preschoolers (mean age = 43 months). Older children responded more prosocially to all three emotions, whereas children with greater emotion knowledge responded more prosocially to the adult's sadness. Children who behaved prosocially in response to peers' negative emotions also were prosocial after the adult's negative emotions, even with effects of age and emotion knowledge held constant. Assertive children responded more prosocially to the adult's anger, even with effects of other variables held constant. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

环孢菌素A阻断人HL－60抗药性细胞于G_1期而诱导敏感细胞凋亡

进一步研究了抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞（ＨＲ２０）抗细胞凋亡的机制及该抗性和抗药性的关系。结果表明，环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）２０，１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，而阻断ＨＲ２０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，就不能诱导细胞发生凋亡。低浓度的ＣｓＡ明显增加柔红霉素在ＨＲ２０细胞内的积聚，其逆转抗药性作用与阻断细胞周期运行无关。ＣｓＡ１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）处理ＨＲ２０细胞，可引起５０ｋＤａ的蛋白质高度磷酸化。结果提示：环孢菌素Ａ阻断抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，而诱导敏感的ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，其阻断作用与抗药性无关     

A receptor for monomeric IgG2b on rat macrophages

The binding to rat splenic and peritoneal macrophages of affinity-purified monoclonal rat IgGs, representing all IgG subclasses, was measured by the direct binding of 125I-labelled proteins using an assay that did not require the removal of unbound Ig by washing. Only rat monomeric IgGs of the subclass IgG2b bound specifically and in large amounts to rat macrophages. The binding was temperature dependent and more IgG2b bound to the cells at 4 degrees than at 37 degrees. Spleen macrophages bound approximately 10 times more IgG2b than the same number of peritoneal macrophages, although the association constants (Kas) for the binding were similar for both types of macrophage. The calculated values for the Kas, which varied slightly with each experiment and increased with decrease in temperature, fell within the range 1.3-5.3 X 10(8) M-1; the number of binding sites was estimated as about 10(5)/splenic macrophage and 10(4)/peritoneal macrophage. The binding of 125I-IgG2b to splenic macrophages was inhibited only by unlabelled proteins of the IgG2b isotype and not by IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2c proteins. Soluble IgG2b-antigen complexes also bound to the FcR for monomer but a soluble IgG2a-antigen complex did not inhibit the binding of monomeric IgG2b.     

Microsurgical anatomy of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries in the cerebellopontine angle

Summary The relationships of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries are reviewed in 26 preparations by microdissection techniques. These vessels may be grouped in large (AICA, PICA), medium (LA, SA, CSA, RPI) and small calibre (vasa nervorum, radicullar and medullar branches). The importance of these structures in acoustic neuroma surgery, vestibular neurectomy and cross-compression syndromes is discussed. Vascular loops and elongated arteries are normal structures present at birth.This work was supported by a grant from the AJ Roemmers Foundation     

Differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy in human malignancies

The differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy, detected by flow cytometry (FCM) regarding its frequency, grade and multiclonality, was investigated and correlated to tumor type, malignancy grade, tumor stage and prognosis in a multi-institutional study at the University of Münster. High resolution measurements using admixed normal blood reference cells were undertaken in 2413 cases of 13 different malignant diseases and in 776 benign lesions or samples. The incidence of DNA-aneuploidy was highest in melanomas, carcinomas, testicular tumors, sarcomas (75%-95%) and myelomas (65%). Acute leukemias showed an intermediate DNA-aneuploidy rate of 40% with special subgroups represented by common ALL (44%), p less than 0.05) and myelomonocytic/monocytic AML (47%, p less than 0.01). The lowest DNA-aneuploidy-rate was found in basal cell skin carcinomas (19%) and congenital melanocytic nevi (9%). No case of DNA-aneuploidy was observed in the 776 benign lesions or samples.--DNA-indices giving the grade of DNA-aneuploidy with 1.0 for normal diploid G1/0 cells were found distributed predominantly between 1.0 and 2.0 in the solid tumors, except testicular tumors, clustering around a triploid maximum at 1.5. DNA-indices of myelomas and acute leukemias generally ranged below 1.25 with lower DNA-aneuploidy grades in AML than in ALL (p less than 0.01).--In melanomas the aneuploidy rate was higher (86%) in metastases than in the primary tumors (54%, p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surface antigens of a filarial nematode: analysis of adult Brugia pahangi surface components and their use in monoclonal antibody production

The surface antigens of adult worms of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi have been investigated further by surface radioiodination and detergent solubilisation techniques. In addition to yielding new information on the distribution of antigenic components of this stage, detergent-solubilised molecules were used in both radiometric and enzyme-linked assays for human and mouse antibody. These assays were subsequently used in screening for monoclonal antibodies from hybrid cells derived from animals infected with living parasites and boosted with detergent-extracted antigen. Three monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines were isolated, with differing antigenic specificities: Bp-1, which binds a non-iodinatable antigen with high ELISA activity; Bp-2, which reacts with a determinant found on but not unique to the major surface Iodogen-labelled 29 kDa antigen; and Bp-3, which is specific for a minor antigen of 20 kDa revealed by Iodogen labelling.