Left ventricular mass regression following aortic valve replacement with mechanical valves

Objective The degree of Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) regression following aortic valve replacement correlates with long-term survival. This study aims to assess the extent of LVMI regression at 3 months following aortic valve replacement (AVR) with different types and sizes of mechanical valves in rheumatic aortic valve disease. Methods The LVMI regression was studied in 34 consecutive patients, undergoing elective AVR for rheumatic aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation. They were grouped in A and B, matched in age, body surface area and pre-operative LVMI, receiving respectively a tilting disc and a bileaflet mechanical valve. The LVMI was calculated by M-mode echocardiography using the Devereux' formula pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. The trend of LVMI reduction was compared between the two groups and amongst the patients with stenotic, regurgitant and mixed aortic valve, pathologies; and receiving different sizes of valves. Results The mean preoperative LVMI was 199g±79.5 g/m². At three months post aortic valve replacement, the mean LVMI was 130g±49.0 g/m². There was a significant reduction of LVMI post-operatively (p=0.001) at three months follow-up. The extent of LVMI regression following surgery amongst the groups A and B did not vary significantly (p=0.92). The extent of LVMI regression did not vary significantly in patients with different aortic valve pathology nor with different sizes of the valves implanted. Conclusions There is a significant early LVMI regression following aortic valve replacement in rheumatic aortic valve disease. The type and the size of the mechanical prosthesis or the rheumatic pathology do not appear to influence this regression.     

Radiosynthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]-fluoro-5-methyl-1-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil ([18F]-L-FMAU) for PET.

Radiosynthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]-fluoro-5-methyl-1-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil ([(18)F]-L-FMAU) is reported. Compound 1 was synthesized and converted to 2-triflate 2. Compound 3 was prepared from 2 using tetrabutylammonium[(18)F]fluoride, converted to 4, and then coupled with 5. The crude product was hydrolyzed, and purified by HPLC to obtain 7a. The radiochemical yield of [(18)F]-L-FMAU was 26% decay corrected (d.c.) in four runs with radiochemical purity >99% and specific activity 2200 mCi/micromol. The synthesis time was 3.3-3.5h from the end of bombardment (EOB).     

Cytologic grade independently predicts survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Our objectives were to devise a cytologic grading system and determine whether it would predict survival of patients with solid-type pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We evaluated 116 consecutive patients from July 2000 to November 2002; they were followed up until September 2003. We scored the following features on rapid Romanowsky-stained endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration smears: cell group architecture, single cells, nuclear grade, mucus, bizarre cells, and necrosis. A cytologic grade (low vs high) was assigned. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 6-month survival was 76% (SE, 7%) for patients with low-grade tumors vs 50% (SE, 6%) for patients with high-grade carcinoma. The median survival for patients with low-grade vs high-grade tumors was 1 year vs 6 months, respectively (chi2 = 4.45; P = .035). Cox proportional hazards regression showed tumor stage, cancer-specific treatment, and cytologic grade to be independent predictors of survival (P = .001). No other factors (age, mass location, placement of stent, presence of concomitant chronic pancreatitis, race, sex) predicted survival. We devised a grading system that independently predicted survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.     

Nonrandom chromosomal changes in untreated retinoblastomas

The karotypic patterns of 15 retinoblastomas were examined. Five tumors were found to have two distinct stem lines and, therefore, the chromosomal patterns of 20 tumor cell lines are reported. Three nonrandom chromosomal changes, namely, a loss of a chromosome #13, the presence of an i(6p), or a trisomy of 1q were observed. The potential importance of these chromosomal changes in tumor development is discussed, particularly the loss of a chromosome #13 or the gain of an i(6p). At least one of the three chromosomal changes was found in 75% of the tumor lines analyzed.     

Effect of streptavidin affinity mutants on the integrin-independent adhesion of biotinylated endothelial cells

We have previously shown that the high-affinity streptavidin (SA)-biotin interaction enhanced the initial integrin-mediated adhesion of biotinylated endothelial cells to SA-coated surface by serving as an extrinsic bond to stabilize and enhance the intrinsic fibronectin-integrin binding between the cell and surface. However, the SA-biotin interaction produced considerable detachment by cohesive failure of the membrane. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that reducing the SA-biotin bond affinity could reduce cohesive failure without reducing overall cell detachment. Two mutants of SA, W120F and W120A in which the tryptophan residue at position 120 of the SA molecule was substituted by phenylalanine and alanine, respectively, were characterized and tested in cell adhesion experiments. The binding affinity (K(A)) of SA to adsorbed biotin-labeled bovine serum albumin (b-BSA) ranged from 5.2+/-0.1 x 10(10)M(-1) for wild-type to 3.3+/-0.2 x 10(9)M(-1) for W120F and 4.1+/-1.0 x 10(6)M(-1) for W120A. One hour after cell attachment, the critical shear stress was 26.8+/-2.9 dyn/cm(2) for WT, 26.6+/-3.0 dyn/cm(2) for W120F, and 15.4+/-3.0 dyn/cm(2) for W120A. The focal contact areas of adherent cells were greater for the WT and W120F than the lower affinity mutant, W120A. When shear flow was applied to detach adherent cells, adhesive failure (ligand bond breakage) was favored over cohesive failure (membrane rupture), as the SA binding affinity decreased. Thus, cell adhesion augmented by SA-biotin linkages is dependent on the affinity constants of the SA-biotin bonds, but the reduction in cohesive failure was offset by a reduced strength of adhesion.     

Susceptibility pattern and molecular type of species-specific Candida in oropharyngeal lesions of Indian human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients

A study of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients was conducted over a period of 15 months. This study revealed that 75% of the HIV/AIDS patients had OPC. MIC testing revealed that 5% of the Candida isolates were fluconazole resistant. A correlation between CD4(+)-T-cell counts and development of OPC in HIV/AIDS patients was also observed. Molecular typing of C. albicans isolates showed that all were genetically unrelated.     

Microlaryngoscopic and histopathological studies in hypothyroidism and goitres

Microlaryngoscopic studies were conducted in 7 cases of hypothyroidism and 18 cases of benign goitres. Histopathological observations were made in all hypothyroid cases and 17 goitres. Pale and thickened vocal cords with sub-epithelial oedema were found in all cases and mild to moderate accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the subepithelial stroma of vocal cords in 71% of the cases of Hypothyroidism. In cases of goitres, oedematous vocal cords were detected in 28%, pale irregularly thickened vocal cords in 33% and vocal nodules in 11% of the cases. Acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation in the vocal cords was noted in 2 cases of diffuse goitres. Left vocal cord palsy in one case of solitary nodular goitre was also noted.