外泌体作为非小细胞肺癌诊断标志物的研究进展

正外泌体(exosomes)是具有脂质双层膜结构、直径为30~100 nm的微小囊泡,是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程后由细胞主动分泌的一种物质。外泌体的产生和分泌受多种蛋白质精确调节[1]。在正常或应激条件下,几乎所有类型的细胞都可以分泌外泌体,如网织红细胞、树突状细胞、脂肪细胞、内皮及上皮细胞等。与来源同一组织器官类型的正常细胞相比,肿瘤细胞能分泌更多的外泌体。     

自发性高血压大鼠缺血再灌注后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡及p53基因表达

Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.     

自发性高血压大鼠缺血再灌注后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡及p53基因表达

Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.     

ALK3基因在心肌细胞凋亡中的作用研究

目的 研究心脏特异性骨形态形成蛋白受体IA(BMPR1 A,又名ALK3)基因敲除小鼠心肌组织中的细胞凋亡情况,探讨ALK3基因在心肌细胞凋亡过程中的作用及细胞凋亡与室间隔缺损的关系. 方法 实验分为纯合子小鼠(α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/-),杂合子小鼠(α-MHCCre+/-,ALK3 F/+)和野生型小鼠(C57)3组,每组取5只.20只雌性α-MHCCre+/-,ALK3+/-小鼠和20只雄性ALK3 F/F小鼠交配获得心脏特异性ALK3基因敲除的纯合子小鼠(α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/-)和杂合子小鼠(α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/+);雌性和雄性C57小鼠各10只交配获得子代野生型小鼠;均取13.5d胚胎.提取胎膜DNA,PCR鉴定基因型.光镜下HE染色显示心脏组织形态,透射电镜观察心肌细胞的超微结构和凋亡情况,并以脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测心肌细胞凋亡率. 结果 光镜显示α-MHC Cre+/-,ALKS F/-小鼠存在室问隔缺损现象,α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/+小鼠和C57小鼠心脏形态正常;透射电镜和TUNEL提示α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/-小鼠心肌细胞凋亡现象较α-MHC Cre+/-,ALK3 F/+小鼠和C57小鼠严重. 结论 ALK3基因在调控心脏发育和心肌细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用.心脏特异性ALK3基因敲除小鼠中,室间隔缺损可部分归因于心肌细胞的过度凋亡.     

阿奇霉素针剂对小儿肺炎支原体感染治疗体会

目的探讨小儿肺炎支原体感染病例临床特点。方法将我院自2007年1月至2009年11月共治疗小儿支原体肺炎随机分成2组。治疗组80例。给予阿奇霉素粉针剂10mg/（kg·d）静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程3～5d。对照组40例。给予红霉素粉针剂20～25mg/（kg·d）静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程7～14d。结果治疗组有效率42.5%,对照组30%,2组有明显的差异性。治疗组无明显不良反应。结论阿奇霉素是治疗小儿支原体肺炎的最有效、安全的抗生素,不良反应轻。     

自发性高血压大鼠缺血再灌注后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡及p53基因表达

Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.     

自发性高血压大鼠缺血再灌注后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡及p53基因表达

Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.     

探讨肺炎型哮喘94例临床研究

目的分析肺炎型哮喘的临床特点及疗效。方法对94例肺炎型哮喘患儿的临床资料进行总结分析。结果均表现为较长时间发作性或持续性咳嗽、气促,肾上腺皮质激素治疗有效。结论儿童哮喘中存在着肺炎型哮喘,应引起重视。     

儿童甲型H_1N_1流感重症患者25例诊疗分析

自2009年3月墨西哥和美国暴发新型甲型H_1N_1流感以来,疫情迅速蔓延至全球多个国家和地区.截至2010年2月28日,我国内地31个省市自治区共报告确诊病例12.7万例,已治愈12.0万例,死亡793例~（[1]）.我院收治的53例重症及危重病例中,儿童重症病例占47%（25/53）,为积累儿童甲型H_1N_1流感重症病例诊治经验,笔者就浙江省金华市中心医院25例儿童甲型H_1N_1流感重症病例进行回顾性分析.