动物瘢痕模型的相关研究进展

皮肤损伤后的异常愈合会导致病理性瘢痕的产生。病理性瘢痕的出现不仅影响美观,严重时还会造成心理和生理功能障碍。病理性瘢痕的机制研究对于瘢痕治疗有极为重要的意义。其中,动物瘢痕模型是目前研究病理性瘢痕的重要模型手段之一。理想的动物瘢痕模型应该在组织学、细胞学等层面尽可能接近于人类的病理性瘢痕。该文分别从传统技术动物瘢痕中的啮齿类动物模型、兔耳模型和猪模型,以及新技术动物瘢痕模型这两个方面,结合近年来在瘢痕领域应用较多的研究,进行了相应系统的阐述。     

23G玻璃体切割术联合雷珠单抗治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

目的探讨23G玻璃体切割术联合雷珠单抗治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床效果。方法选取2016年2月~2017年1月间我院收治的在23G玻璃体切割术前未进行雷珠单抗注射的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者40例(40眼)为非注射组,选取2017年2~10月我院收治的在23G玻璃体切割术前通过雷珠单抗注射的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者40例(40眼)为注射组,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果注射组患者的手术时间、电凝使用次数和新生血管出血的次数、不良反应发生情况明显少于非注射组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。通过对患者进行术后6个月随访发现非注射组患者视力为0.4,注射组患者视力是0.6,两组相比存在明显差异性(P0.05)。结论用23G玻璃体切割术联合雷珠单抗,可使手术耗时降低、简化手术程序;降低手术中医源性视网膜裂孔以及大出血,并发症等。     

腹腔镜保胆取石手术成败因素分析

目的:分析影响腹腔镜保胆取石手术成败的各种因素,并探讨应对这些因素的经验。方法:对我院2010年11月至2014年9月共开展的96例腹腔镜保胆取石手术进行统计,分析影响腹腔镜保胆取石手术成败的各种因素,并总结应对这些因素的经验。结果:所有病例由肝胆外科不同医疗组操作完成。96例腹腔镜保胆取石手术中,82例手术成功(成功率85.4%)。9例中转为腹腔镜胆囊切除术(中转率9.4%),5例出现术后并发症(并发症率5.2%)。结论:多种因素共同决定了腹腔镜保胆取石手术是否能够成功开展。术前充分筛选病例,加强对这些因素的认识,能够确保腹腔镜保胆取石手术的成功。     

椎体后凸成形术后再发骨折的相关危险因素分析

[目的]探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折后不同类型再发骨折的特点和相关危险因素。[方法]回顾性研究2006年4月~2012年4月间,458例行椎体后凸成形术治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者资料,根据术后再发椎体骨折情况分为原位再发骨折组36例,相邻椎体再骨折组33例,间隔椎体再骨折组35例,对照无再骨折组354例,对临床资料、影像学资料以及手术相关因素进行观察评估并分析。[结果](1)104例患者(22.71%)PKP术后发生再发骨折,66.7%的原位组和54.5%的相邻组椎体再发骨折发生在术后半年内;(2)体重指数低、基础陈旧椎体骨折数目多、骨密度t值低是三种类型再发骨折共同的危险因素;(3)椎体内骨水泥的形态学分布是原位组和相邻组再骨折的影响因素,原位组下终板骨水泥越局限骨小梁水平,原位再骨折的风险越大(OR值,0.311;P=0.016);相邻组上终板骨水泥越接近终板和椎间盘分布,相邻椎体再骨折的风险越大(OR值,4.831;P=0.018);(4)术后支具佩戴时间短是相邻椎体再骨折和间隔椎体再骨折的危险因素。[结论]椎体后凸成形术后三种类型的再发骨折均与严重骨质疏松有关,椎体内骨水泥的形态学分布特点是引起术后再骨折的重要因素,规范佩戴支具和抗骨质疏松治疗能降低再骨折风险。     

美沙酮维持治疗人群中骨质疏松情况的研究

目的：对接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾者骨质疏松情况进行研究。方法：采用横断面调查研究方法,有32名接受美沙酮维持治疗的患者,用双能X光骨密度仪（HolgieQDR-2000）测定骨密度。结果：双能X光测得的骨密度结果显示,有78．1％（25／32）的受试者骨密度值低于正常值范围,其中有53．1％（17／32）的受试者T〈-2．5,25．O％（8／32）的受试者-1．0〉T〉-2．5。在测试前没有受试者被诊断为骨质疏松,没有受试者接受抗骨质疏松治疗。相关性分析发现：女性发生骨密度值降低的比例明显高于男性（P〈0．05）,体重与骨密度值成正相关（P〈0．05）,海洛因使用时间与骨密度值成负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：接受美沙酮维持治疗的人群中骨质疏松发生率高于正常人群。该结果提示,应该增强美沙酮维持治疗人群的骨质疏松筛查及治疗,以降低骨质疏松骨折发生的风险。     

椎体后凸成形术后再发骨折内固定治疗失效1例治疗报告

骨质疏松症正日益成为一个严峻的公共健康问题,其最严重的并发症是脆性骨折;其中骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折最常见,我国每年新发椎体骨折患者约有181万人。椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebro-plasty,PVP）和椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kypho-plasty,PKP）可明显缓解患者疼痛,改善功能和提高生活质量[1,2]。然而有观点认为椎体骨水泥强化术会带来高的再发骨折风险[3]。开放内固定手术受限于疏松的骨质,经常会导致内固定失效。本文报道我科收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,PKP术后再发爆裂骨折,二次行前路椎体切除,钛笼、接骨板植入后,内固定失效1例。     

miR-15a在眼科疾病中的研究现状及进展

miRNA-15a(miR-15a)是位于13q14基因上的非编码RNA小分子,随着研究的深入,其对全身各组织器官及细胞的生长、凋亡等调控作用越发被重视,成为现今研究较多的miRNA。本文主要针对miR-15a的作用机制及在眼科疾病中的研究现况进行阐述,为进一步研究眼科疾病及治疗提供可借鉴的参考依据。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进脊髓损伤小鼠内源性神经干细胞的增殖

BACKGROUND:So far steroid pulse therapy and surgical decompression are the main accepted therapies for spinal cord injury, but these methods make no effects on injured neurons. Nerve growth factors and endogenous neural stem cells play a role in the neuronal regeneration and remyelination, which provides a new idea for spinal cord injury treatment. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of the basic fibroblast growth factor on proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury and to analyze its relationship with the increased fluoro-gold labeled neurons. METHODS:Totally 48 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups including normal, spinal cord injury, treatment and sham operation groups. Acute spinal cord injury models were established in the spinal cord injury and treatment groups, and the normal group was subjected to operation that did not damage the spinal cord. At 2 hours after regaining consciousness, the treatment group was given daily injection of MTPBS containing 25 μg/kg basic fibroblast growth factors and 1% album. And at 7 days, laminectomy was carried out again at the L1 segment in the former three groups and a small piece of sterile gelfoam soaked with fluoro-gold was inserted into the incision. The sham operation group was given no processing. Afterwards, mouse motor behavior was assessed using Rotarod and Platform Hang tests; neurons in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts were labeled with fluoro-gold; the number of endogenous neural stem cells positive for nestin was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Besides, the correlation between the number of fluoro-gold labeled neurons and the number of endogenous neural stem cells was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The basic fibroblast growth factor could significantly improve the mouse motor behavior after spinal cord injury. And the number of endogenous neural stem cells was significantly increased after the basic fibroblast growth factor injection, which was related to the increased fluoro-gold labeled neurons. In conclusion, basic fibroblast growth factors play an important role in the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. Furthermore, endogenous neural stem cells improve locomotive behaviors by encouraging the neuronal proliferation.