突发性极重度聋与全聋的预后特点及差异

Objective To clarify the different prognostic characteristics between profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and total SSNHL. Methods The patients with SSNHL who visited Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital from June 2007 to September 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. All the 204 patients, with pure tone average (PTA) threshold more than 90 dB, were enrolled and divided into two groups, including total SSNHL and profound SSNHL groups. The relationship between recovery rate and prognostic factors including the age, complications, time period between onset and therapy was analyzed.Results There were 57 cases of total SSNHL and 147 cases of profound SSNHL in this series. Tinnitus was complained in more than 90% of the patients in both groups, which was higher than that of dizziness and ear fullness. Dizziness was present in 64. 9% (37/57) patient with total SSNHL group and 45.6% (67/147)patients with profound SSNHL, which had significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 5.72,P =0. 017). The PTA threshold improvement in total SSNHL group and profound SSNHL group was (36. 4 ±19.3) dB and (40. 2 ±21.3) dB respectively, which was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1. 165 ,P =0. 245). The cured patients were all those received therapy within 1 week following the onset of SSNHL, which was of 2. 6% (1/38) patients in the total SSNHL group and 14. 3% (14/98) patients in the profound SSNHL group(P =0. 045). Furthermore, 3.5% (2/57) patients in total SSNHL group as well as 29. 9% (44/147) patients in profound SSNHL group obtained a good result with PTA threshold ≤50 dB after therapy(x2 = 15.92,P = 0. 001 ). In addition, the favorable prognosis was related with the onsettherapy time point( P = 0. 001 ), but not related to the patients' age. Conclusion Profound SSNHL and total SSNHL though both with PTA threshold > 90 dB had significant differences recovery rate and need to be studied separately.     

规范鼓室内注射操作 降低新型冠状病毒交叉感染风险

目的探讨如何规范、安全、有效地实施鼓室内注射操作,减少和防止药物从鼻部及口咽部溢出,避免新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)交叉感染风险,并尽可能降低鼓室内注射的不良反应。方法回顾分析耳内镜下(426例,共1278次)与普通额镜下(712例,共1928次)鼓针注射的患者资料,比较2组注射操作中耳痛、眩晕、穿孔等不良反应的发生率以及鼻部和口咽部药物溢出率的不同;分析耳内镜下长5号针鼓室内注射的2796例(共8948次,其中疫情期间注射223例,312次)及鼓针鼓室内注射的426例(共1278次)患者的临床资料,比较采用不同注射针头不良反应的发生情况。结果耳内镜组总不良反应率、鼻部和口咽部药物溢出率低于额镜组,2组差异有统计学意义。耳内镜下注射时,将鼓针更换为长5号针头后,患者眩晕发生率降低,疼痛减轻,鼓膜出血减少,2组差异有统计学意义。结论耳内镜下采用长5号针头行鼓室内注射可以减少操作的不良反应,降低鼻部和口咽部的药物溢出率,最大限度地避免2019-nCoV交叉感染的风险。     

喉起搏器的研究进展

双侧喉返神经(RLN)损伤可造成喉肌麻痹，致声带内收、外展功能受损，易导致呼吸困难，目前尚无有效治疗方法，本就RLN损伤后治疗声带麻痹的一种不仅能恢复喉肌收缩，且符合其生理功能的技术——喉起搏器的研究发展进行综述。     

鼓室内注射地塞米松治疗极重度以上突发性聋的临床研究

目的 评估鼓室内注射地塞米松在极重度以上突发性聋仞始治疗中的作用.方法 以发病2周内,未接受任何治疗,初始听力损失(250～4000 Hz均值)>90 dB的突发性聋患者78例作为研究对象,根据患者意愿分为全身激素+局部激素组(22例)、全身激素组(44例)和局部激素组(12例),各组均同时给予扩血管、营养神经的药物治疗和高压氧治疗.全身激素治疗采用地塞米松15 mg/d连用3 d,随后10 mg/d用3 d,最后5 mg/d用3 d.局部激素治疗采用鼓窜内注射5 mg/ml地塞米松0.8 ml,隔日1次,共5次.获取治疗后第10、20、30天的纯音测听结果并进行疗效评估.结果 治疗前影响预后的因素三组间基本匹配.治疗后纯音听阈均值(pure tone average,PTA)改善≥30 dB者所占比例,全身+局部激素组81.82%、局部激素组83.33%、全身激素组88.64%,三组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.726);治疗30 d后PTA改善值分别为:全身+局部激素组41.36 dB、局部激素组43.08 dB、全身激素组51.70 dB,三组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.58,P=0.2133).各组患者治疗后10 d听力改善最为显著,20 d听力基本稳定.纯音测听各频率听阈的改善程度由低频向高频逐渐递减.结论 局部激素治疗作为极重度以上突发性聋的初始治疗与全身激素治疗相比并无优越性.     

巴曲酶治疗突发性聋的临床分析

目的评估巴曲酶治疗突发性聋的效果。方法180例病因不明的突发性聋患者分为3组,分别为丹参 激素组(对照组),丹参 激素 巴曲酶组,丹参 巴曲酶组(激素治疗禁忌)开展平行对照研究。在药物治疗的同时进行高压氧治疗。结果除去不良反应、治疗依从性差等病例,将剩下的164例进行最终统计,分别为巴曲酶 激素组 丹参58例,巴曲酶 丹参组53例,丹参 激素组53例。结果显示,初始听力表现为下坡型、平坦型、极重度型和全聋型的患者,治疗方式对前三种听力曲线患者预后的影响差异无显著性,而全聋组的病例巴曲酶治疗的两组与激素组之间疗效差异有显著性(巴曲酶 丹参 激素组、巴曲酶 丹参组显效率分别为75%、62.5%,丹参 激素组为28.6%,P<0.005);而巴曲酶治疗的两组之间疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论全聋型的突发性聋治疗中早期进行巴曲酶降纤治疗,可能会获得较为满意的疗效。     

喉起搏器治疗喉麻痹动物模型的研究

目的　研制呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器 ,在单侧喉返神经麻痹的动物模型中实验其是否能引起与呼吸同步的声带功能性外展运动。方法　喉起搏器带有感受呼吸信号的压力传感器 ,以气体压力的变化作为失神经环杓后肌的起搏信号来源 ,经电刺激使声带外展与呼吸同步。健康猫 6只 ,切断左侧喉返神经。将喉起搏器的刺激电极植入猫左侧环杓后肌。分别于术后即刻、1、2、4、8、1 2周间歇性刺激 ,刺激频率 30Hz ,脉宽 0 6ms ,刺激强度 0～ 8mA。在直接喉镜下观察声带活动情况。术后 1 2周摄录不同的刺激强度下声门图像 ,测量刺激与非刺激时相对声门面积。结果　在喉起搏器作用下 ,麻痹的声带外展与呼吸同步 ,相对声门面积增加 1 8%。喉麻痹 1周后 ,所需刺激强度阈值增大 ,1 2周时接近失神经初始时刺激阈值。结论　本实验研制的呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器 ,能感知动物呼吸节律的改变 ,依呼吸频率调节起搏频率 ,发放吸气期电刺激脉冲使患侧声带外展 ,有可能对喉麻痹的治疗提供一种新的技术方法     

突发性极重度聋与全聋的预后特点及差异

Objective To clarify the different prognostic characteristics between profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and total SSNHL. Methods The patients with SSNHL who visited Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital from June 2007 to September 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. All the 204 patients, with pure tone average (PTA) threshold more than 90 dB, were enrolled and divided into two groups, including total SSNHL and profound SSNHL groups. The relationship between recovery rate and prognostic factors including the age, complications, time period between onset and therapy was analyzed.Results There were 57 cases of total SSNHL and 147 cases of profound SSNHL in this series. Tinnitus was complained in more than 90% of the patients in both groups, which was higher than that of dizziness and ear fullness. Dizziness was present in 64. 9% (37/57) patient with total SSNHL group and 45.6% (67/147)patients with profound SSNHL, which had significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 5.72,P =0. 017). The PTA threshold improvement in total SSNHL group and profound SSNHL group was (36. 4 ±19.3) dB and (40. 2 ±21.3) dB respectively, which was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1. 165 ,P =0. 245). The cured patients were all those received therapy within 1 week following the onset of SSNHL, which was of 2. 6% (1/38) patients in the total SSNHL group and 14. 3% (14/98) patients in the profound SSNHL group(P =0. 045). Furthermore, 3.5% (2/57) patients in total SSNHL group as well as 29. 9% (44/147) patients in profound SSNHL group obtained a good result with PTA threshold ≤50 dB after therapy(x2 = 15.92,P = 0. 001 ). In addition, the favorable prognosis was related with the onsettherapy time point( P = 0. 001 ), but not related to the patients' age. Conclusion Profound SSNHL and total SSNHL though both with PTA threshold > 90 dB had significant differences recovery rate and need to be studied separately.     

影响突发性聋预后因素的临床研究

目的 研究影响突发性聋预后的相关因素,提高突发性聋预后的判断.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年3月复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院收治的突发性聋患者,首先去除初始听阈≤40 dB的低频聋患者,得到882例进行疗效分析.初始听阈＞40 dB的患者按不同的初始听阈形态与严重程度分为下坡型组(69例)、上坡型组(24例)、平坦型组(139例)、凹陷型组(44例)、极重度聋(126例)和全聋(86例)6组.结果 病程3 d内疗效最佳,其次是1、2周内,超过2周疗效差,3周内和1个月内、1个月后差异无统计学意义.病程2周内患者初始听阈＞40 dB组中凹陷型组与其他组相比预后最佳,恢复率达97.7%.极重度聋组和其他组(除全聋组)相比,治愈率(23.8%)及恢复率(57.9%)低,但好于全聋组.全聋组的预后最差,无效率达67.4%.合并有糖尿病、高血压患者的预后与其他不伴此病的患者相比差异具有统计学意义(H=4.455,P=0.0348).年龄与预后有关,年龄越大,预后也越差,以50岁为界,＜50岁的患者的预后要好于≥50岁的患者,差异有统计学意义(H=7.739,P=0.0054).结论 病程大于2周的患者疗效差,不同的初始听阈形态与听力损失程度是影响突发性聋预后的重要因素.年龄越大预后越差.合并有高血压、糖尿病的患者,其预后比无任何合并症的患者差.     

喉起搏器治疗喉麻痹动物模型的研究

目的 研制呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器，在单侧喉返神经麻痹的动物模型中实验其是否能引起与呼吸同步的声带功能性外展运动。方法 喉起搏器带有感受呼吸信号的压力传感器，以气体压力的变化作为失神经环杓后肌的起搏信号来源，经电刺激使声带外展与呼吸同步。健康猫6只，切断左侧喉返神经。将喉起搏器的刺激电极植入猫左侧环杓后肌。分别于术后即刻、1、2、4、8、12周间歇性刺激，刺激频率30Hz，脉宽0．6ms，刺激强度0～8mA。在直接喉镜下观察声带活动情况。术后12周摄录不同的刺激强度下声门图像，测量刺激与非刺激时相对声门面积。结果 在喉起搏器作用下，麻痹的声带外展与呼吸同步，相对声门面积增加18％。喉麻痹1周后，所需刺激强度阈值增大，12周时接近失神经初始时刺激阈值。结论 本实验研制的呼吸频率调节型喉起搏器，能感知动物呼吸节律的改变，依呼吸频率调节起搏频率，发放吸气期电刺激脉冲使患侧声带外展，有可能对喉麻痹的治疗提供一种新的技术方法。     

以双侧突发性听力下降为首发症状病例的处理

目的 提高对双侧突发性听力下降的诊断和治疗水平.方法 收集和分析自2003年7月～2005年7月,双侧突发性听力下降14例.其中2例发生于妇科手术后,2例流行性腮腺炎后,5例精神性聋,5例为大前庭水管综合征患者.结果 14例患者发病时均为极重度聋或全聋.均有明显的发病诱因,无一例为严格意义上的突发性耳聋.5例精神性耳聋患者治疗后听力正常.5例大前庭水管综合征患者,2例听力恢复正常,2例听力恢复到发病前水平,1例听力无改善.2例妇科手术后患者,1例听力部分恢复,1例治疗无效.2例流行性腮腺炎患者,治疗后听力无改善.结论 双侧突发性耳聋的发病率低,应重视双侧突发性听力损失的诱因分析,精神性耳聋和大前庭水管综合征形成的突发性听力下降治愈率较高.