麻醉手术后早期低氧血症与防治

低氧血症是全身麻醉后常见的并发症,可导致严重后果.脉搏血氧饱和度测定法(SpO2)已经成为评估患者动脉血氧合情况的安全可靠、简便易行的方法,能及时发现低氧血症.     

丙泊酚致无痛人流患者短暂精神功能障碍4例

丙泊酚诱导迅速，经过平稳，持续时间很短。苏醒快而完全，是目前无痛人流手术首选静脉麻醉药。其常见不良反应有短暂呼吸抑制、血压心率下降、癫痫样反应等。我院2003年12月至2006年2月共施行丙泊酚无痛人流手术2672例，发生精神功能障碍4例（1．49‰），现报告如下。     

自发性气胸胸腔镜肺大疱切除术围术期系统护理体会

目的总结自发性气胸胸腔镜肺大疱切除术围术期系统护理的体会。方法对40例行胸腔镜肺大疱切除术的自发性气胸患者,围术期做好心理、疼痛及加强呼吸道、健康宣教等系统护理措施。结果 40例均成功完成胸腔镜手术。手术时间40～100 min,平均57.58 min。术后胸腔引流量100～400 m L,平均256mL。术后出现切口血清肿1例,皮下气肿1例,均经对症处理后治愈。未发生胸腔出血等其他并发症,均痊愈出院。出院时患者及家属对护理工作的总满意率为97.50%。术后随访6～12个月,其间无1例复发。结论对胸腔镜肺大疱切除术的自发性气胸患者,围手术期做好系统护理,可减少并发症发生风险和术后复发率,并利于提升手术效果和患者及家属对护理工作的满意率。     

老年收缩期高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸、NO、ET-1的变化及意义

目的探讨老年收缩期高血压（ISH）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、NO、ET-1水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取单纯收缩期高血压患者30例（ISH组）、双期高血压患者30例（DH组）和老年健康查体正常者25例（对照组）,测定其血浆Hcy、NO、ET-1水平。结果 ISH组血浆Hcy、ET-1均高于DH组、对照组,NO低于DH组、对照组;Hcy与NO呈负相关（r=-0.529,P〈0.01）,与ET-1呈正相关（r=0.576,P〈0.01）。结论 Hcy可能通过影响患者血浆NO、ET-1水平变化促进老年ISH的发生、发展。     

急性冠脉综合征者缺血性J波的临床研究

目的 研究伴有缺血性J波急性冠脉综合征(ACS)者的临床情况,评价缺血性J波的临床价值.方法 回顾分析372例ACS患者的心电图及相关临床资料,根据心电图有无缺血性J波分为J波组、无J波组,比较两组临床情况、恶性心律失常发生率等.结果 J波组ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的发生率明显高于无J波组,J波组恶性心律失常的发生率为25.8%,明显高于无J波组的4.2%,J波组终点事件的发生率明显高于无J波组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ACS伴有缺血性J 波患者临床情况差,预后不良.     

2005年黑龙江省尚志市克山病病情监测结果分析

根据《克山病监测》标准和“关于继续进行克山病监测及防治工作的通知”的要求,2005年地方病控制中心对黑龙江省历史克山病病区尚志市政新、富强村进行克山病病情调查,结果分析如下。     

影响牙髓内注射麻醉效果的因素

牙髓病的治疗应在无痛情况下进行。当浸润麻醉和传导麻醉效果不能满足无痛要求的麻醉强度时,可采用牙髓内注射麻醉法进行追加麻醉。有关牙髓内注射麻醉的影响因素仍存在许多争议。本组旨在确定牙髓内注射麻醉的效果是取决于注射麻醉剂时形成的反向压力和麻醉剂的共同作用,还是仅仅取决于反向压力。１　方法病例选自因外伤或不可复性牙髓炎需进行牙髓摘除术而来我院牙体牙髓科就诊的患者。在征求患者同意的情况下,将患者随机分为３组。首先行常规浸润和传导麻醉,若达不到麻醉效果时,采用牙髓内注射麻醉法进行追加麻醉。第１组注射生理盐…     

克山病病区粮食和酱块对鸡骨关节和心脏的影响

目的探讨克山病病区低硒玉米和酱块对鸡骨关节和心脏病理损伤的影响。方法将“京白905”鸡雏80只,按体重随机分为4组,以克山病病区玉米及酱块为原料,配比不同氨基酸合成饲料喂养。饲养4个月后处死,光镜下观察鸡骨关节和心脏病理改变。结果鸡骨关节病变实验组检出率分别为33．33％、22．22％、22．22％,对照组检出率33．33％。组间差异无统计学意义（x2=0．825,P〉0．05）。心肌病变实验组检出率分别为6．67％、11．11％、11．11％,对照组无病变。组间差异无统计学意义（x2=0．543,P〉0．05）。结论克山病病区粮食可导致鸡骨关节和心肌出现病理性损伤。克山病病区酱块可能为保护因素。     

2004年全国克山病病情监测汇总分析

目的掌握2004年全国克山病患病及发病趋势。方法根据《克山病监测》标准(WS/T78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB17021-1997)对监测点区居民进行普查,随访2003年在册的克山病病例,对克山病发病相关因素进行调查。结果18个监测点区潜在型、慢型克山病检出率分别为3.5%和0.7%,估计全国有491万￣600万克山病病例,其中慢型克山病患者65万￣117万。潜在型、慢型克山病发病率分别为1.8‰和0.1‰,估计新发潜在型13万～39万例,新检出慢型病例最高可达4.3万例。人均发硒0.365mg/kg。粮硒平均0.020mg/kg。结论克山病仍然是一个严重的地方性公共卫生问题,工作重点应放在克山病监测、患者管理和硒预防等方面。     

黄绿青霉素对低硒低蛋白大鼠心肌损伤的初步观察

目的 观察黄绿青霉素(CIT)对低硒低蛋白大鼠心肌损伤的特点.方法 40只4周龄Wistar大鼠,雌雄符半,体质量60～80 g,按2×2析因设计随机分为常硒常蛋白无毒素组、常硒常蛋白加毒素组、低硒低蛋白无毒素组和低硒低蛋白加毒素组(将低硒低蛋白合为一种因素考虑),每组10只.分别采用常硒常蛋白和低硒低蛋白饲料喂养大鼠至第10周后,加毒素组大鼠饲料中投予CIT(5 mg·kg-1·d-1)继续喂养至第16周.观察各组大鼠的毛色、摄食、体质量增长情况,计算心脏质量指数,观察心肌病理变化,检测血清硒、白蛋白水平、肌酸激酶(CK)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 硒、蛋白和CIT对大鼠体质量、血清硒、白蛋白水平、心脏质量指数、血清CK、GSH-Px活性和心肌SOD活性的影响不存在交互作用(F值分别为0.000、1.210、0.625、0.981、2.785、0.074、0.001,P均>0.05);硒、蛋白对大鼠血清硒、白蛋白水平、心脏质量指数和血清GSH-Px活性的主效应有统计学意义(F值分别为507.698、87.734、4.201、109.389,P均<0.05);CIT对大鼠体质量、血清硒、白蛋白水平、心脏质量指数、血清CK活性的主效应有统计学意义(F值分别为10.929、4.371、26.108、24.844、4.439,P均<0.05).低硒低蛋白两组的血清硒水平[(70.4±40.0)、(87.7 ±59.6)μg/L]低于常硒常蛋A两组[(446.1±74.8)、(502.1±39.2)μg/L,P均<0.05];低硒低蛋白两组的血清白蛋白水平[(34.36±1.28)、(33.38±2.48)g/L]低于常硒常蛋白两组[(40.69±1.30)、(38.71±2.15)g/L,P均<0.05];相同硒和蛋白水平下,加毒素组的心脏质量指数[(4.14±0.36)×10-3、(4.39 ±0.53)×10-3]高于无毒素组[(3.56±0.26)×10-3、(3.80±0.28)×10-3,P均<0.05];低硒低蛋白加毒素组的血清CK活性[(2.54 ±0.56)kU/L]低于低硒低蛋白无毒素组[(3.37±0.67)kU/L,P<0.05].低硒低蛋白两组的血清GSH-Px活性>(408.1±412.6)、(510.5 ±392.0)U/L[低于常硒常蛋白两组[(1667.8±102.2)、(1731.5±144.4)U/L,P均<0.05].电镜结果显示,常硒常蛋白加毒素组大鼠部分心肌细胞闰盘断裂,各带连接断裂,部分区域心肌细胞有溶解现象,有水肿表现;低硒低蛋白无毒素组大鼠心肌细胞膜结构改变不明显,核周围肌丝结构消失,可见大量絮状物质沉积;低硒低蛋白加毒素组大鼠心肌细胞肌节各带结构不很清晰,核旁线粒休嵴轻度疏松,偶见空泡变,大量弥漫性肌质网扩张.结论 CIT是诱导大鼠心肌细胞损伤的主要因素,低硒低蛋白加重病变,但独立致病作用较弱.

Abstract：

Objective To ohserve the rat myocardial damage induced by citreoviridin(CIT)in the status of combined selenium and protein deficiency.Methods According to 2×2 factorial design,forty 4-week-old healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.i.e.combined selenium and protein adequate with no CIT and with some CIT groups(Se+Pro+CIT-.Se+Pro+CiT+),combined selenium and protein deficiency with no CIT and with some CIT groups(Se-Pro-CIT-,Se-Pro-CIT+).The numbers of male and female were fifty-fifty.Theserats were fed with combined selenium and protein adequate and combined selenium and protein deficiency fodder until the 16th week. Cardiac toxicity of CIT was evaluated by general state of health, heart weight index, myocardial pathological change, the levels of selenium and the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and creatine kinase (CK) in serum, and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) of myocardium. Results The interaction effects of combined selenium and protein deficiency and adequate CIT on body weight, serum levels of selenium and albumin, heart weight index, the activities of CK and GSH-Px in serum and SOD of myocardium were statistically not significant(F= 0.000, 1.210, 0.625, 0.981, 2.785, 0.074, 0.001, all P> 0.05). The main effects of combined selenium and protein on the levels of serum selenium and albumin, heart weight index and the activity of GSH-Px in serum were statistically significant(F = 507.698, 87.734, 4.201, 109.389, all P < 0.05). The main effects of CIT on body weight, the levels of serum selenium and albumin, heart weight index and the activity of CK in serum were statistically significant(F = 10.929, 4.371, 26.108, 24.844, 4.439, all P < 0.05). The mean levels of serum selenium of Se-Pro- groups [(70.4 ± 40.0), (87.7 ± 59.6 )μg/L] were lower than those of Se+Pro+ groups [(446.1 ± 74.8),(502.1 ± 39.2)μg/L, all P < 0.05]. The mean levels of serum albumin of Se-Pro- groups [(34.36 ± 1.28 ), (33.38 ±2.48)g/L] were lower than those of Se+Pro+ groups[(40.69 ± 1.30), (38.71 ± 2.15)g/L, all P < 0.05]. The mean levels of heart weight index of CIT+ groups[(4.14 ± 0.36) × 10-3, (4.39 ± 0.53) x 10-3] were higher than those of CIT-groups[(3.56 ± 0.26) x 10-3, (3.80 ± 0.28) x 10-3, all P < 0.05] respectively at the same levels of selenium and protein. The mean levels of CK in serum of Se-Pro-CIT+ group[(2.54 ± 0.56)kU/L] was lower than that of Se-Pro-CIT- group [(3.37 ± 0.67 )kU/L, P < 0.05]. The mean levels of activity of GSH-Px in serum of Se-Progroups[(408.1 ± 412.6), (510.5 ± 392.0)U/L] were lower than those of Se+Pro+ groups[(1667.8 ± 102.2),(1731.5 ± 144.4)U/L, all P < 0.05]. In Se+Pro+CIT+ group, there was part of intercalary disc of cardiac myocytes fragmented;the conjunctions between myoeytes were broken;in some region, cardiac myocytes became edematous,even dissolved. In Se-Pro-CIT- group, the change of cardiac myocytes membrane structures was not obvious;filament structure was disappeared around nucleus;deposition of mass floccule could be seen. In Se-Pro-CIT+ group,the structure of sarcomeres was not obvious;mitochondrial cristae was loosened;cavities in myocytes could be seen occasionally;there were lots of disseminated sareoplasmic reticulum extending. Conclusions .CIT is the main risk factor in inducing myocardial damage. The deficiency of combined selenium and protein can aggravate the damage,but its independent pathogenic effect is weak.