Ecological Risk Assessment of Neodymium and Yttrium on Rare Earth Element Mine Sites in Ganzhou,China

Nowadays rare earth elements (REEs) are widely applied in high-technology and clean energy products, but their environmental risks are still largely unknown. To estimate the ecological risk of REEs, soil samples were collected from REE mine tailings with and without phytoremediation. The results showed that the tailings had rather low organic matter and high total REE concentrations, up to 808.5 mg/kg. The 10% effective concentration (EC10) of neodymium (Nd) and yttrium (Y) were calculated based on the toxicity tests of seed germination and root growth. For both wheat and mung bean, the EC10 of Nd and Y in soils were in the range of 1053.1–1300.1 mg/kg. The average hazard quotient of mine tailing soil without phytoremediation was higher than that with phytoremediation. All the hazard quotient of Nd and Y were less than 1, indicating that Nd or Y alone was unlikely to cause adverse ecological effects. Given to the coexistence of REEs on mine sites, the ecological risk of REE mixture could be potentially high towards local soil environments, even for soils with phytoremdiation.

     

上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的诊治和随访

目的:随着各种消化内镜和薄层计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)等技术的临床广泛应用,消化道黏膜下病变(submucosal lesion,SML)的检出率越来越高.针对SML治疗的内镜黏膜下层剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)、外科手术数量越来越多.对于SML临床转归、ESD或外科手术的必要性及患者是否受益存在争论.本研究主要针对上消化道黏膜下病变的性质、生长速度、恶变可能及ESD或外科手术的必要性、疗效.方法:回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院2004-01/2014-12经超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)诊断为消化道SML的1915例患者的临床资料.运用超声内镜观察病变部位(食管、胃),病变大小,回声表现、来源等特征.根据黏膜下病变性质、大小、患者意愿等选择不同治疗方案.包括EUS的随访观察、内镜下治疗[ESD、内镜下黏膜剥离切除术、内镜黏膜下挖除术(endoscopic submucosalexcavation,ESE)、内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术]和外科手术(开放手术、胸腔镜腹腔镜)(内镜或外科手术的指证是病灶短期内明显增大或相关内镜或影像评估怀疑有恶变的可能或患者主观要求内镜或手术切除).随访记录病灶的大小变化、切除病变的性质、大小、来源及并发症发生情况(出血、穿孔)、中转手术情况.结果:超声随访1135例SML患者(食道687例,胃448例),平均年龄50.7岁±10.3岁,男女比例为1.16∶1;食道SML初始病灶大小为:0.82 c m±0.24 c m,共计18例病灶随访过程中明显增大包括5例显著增大发生在6 mo内病理结果诊断为3例良性病变(固有肌层平滑肌瘤1例,囊肿2例)及两例恶性病变(平滑肌肉瘤1例,恶性颗粒细胞瘤1例).胃SML初始病灶大小为:1.31 cm±0.44 cm,16例病灶明显增大,包括10例病灶明显增大,病理诊断为2例平滑肌瘤病灶增大发生于12 mo内,8例间质瘤.病灶增大均在6 mo内发生.内镜下手术患者668例(食道412例,胃256例),6例(4例ESE组,2例ESD组)于术中发生穿孔,2例(均为E S E组)于术中发生出血,2例病变未完整剥离,内镜下治疗成功率为98.5%.外科手术患者112例(食道19例,胃93例)两例(GIST及食道平滑肌肉瘤)发生迟发性出血,手术成功率为98.2%.食道SML中,平滑肌瘤占86.1%,GIST占4.9%,囊肿占3%.胃S M L中,G I S T占48.1%,平滑肌瘤占24.9%,异位胰腺占17.3%,囊肿占3.4%,脂肪瘤占2.6%.结论:不论食管还是胃部黏膜下瘤,病灶的显著增大多发生于初次随访后6 mo内,6 mo后变化不明显.食管黏膜下肿瘤以平滑肌瘤为主,间质瘤少见,生长迅速的病灶及恶性病变罕见,食管病变无论外科手术或ESD术创伤及经济代价较大,不建议常规施行.胃部黏膜下病灶以间质瘤多见,迅速生长病灶较食管增多,建议12 mo内随访期间对生长迅速病灶施行ESD或外科手术.     

论《黄帝内经》脏腑的实体解剖观

非中医学人士往往根据传统中医理论中“肝生于左”的记载,认为中医学的人体解剖观不正确。我们认为,传统中医理论中的脏腑指的是某一种特定的功能系统,而并非现代医学所谓的只是一种实体解剖器官。因此,传统中医学与现代医学对于脏器的概念不是完全相同的。通过研究《黄帝内经》,我们发现“肝生于左”实际上是指肝在中国传统文化卦象中的相对位置,而非人体脏腑的解剖学或形态学位置。脏腑的本义是指实体解剖器官,其解剖位置与现代医学的认识基本一致,其功能也与现代医学的认识有某种相同之处。     

E-cad和EphA2在膀胱癌患者癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨E-cad和EphA2在膀胱癌中的表达及意义.方法 通过免疫组织化学法检测E-cad和EphA2在膀胱癌和正常膀胱组织中的表达.结果 E-cad在膀胱癌组织中的阳性表达率为32.39%,正常膀胱组织表达的阳性率为100%.EphA2在膀胱癌组织中表达的阳性率为77.46%,正常膀胱组织表达的异常率为20%.E-cad和EphA2在膀胱癌组织表达呈负相关r=-0.274 94.结论 E-cad和EphA2在膀胱癌组织的表达.可以作为膀胱癌的诊断、转移以及治疗的基础理论依据.     

Association between HLA alleles and sub-phenotype of childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the effects of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles on different clinical sub-phenotypes in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS),including SSNS without recurrence(SSNSWR)and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome/frequently relapse nephrotic syndrome(SDNS/FRNS).In this study,we investigated the relationship between HLA system and children with SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS and clarified the value of HLA allele detection for precise typing of childhood SSNS.METHODS A total of 241 Chinese Han individuals with SSNS were genotyped using GenCap-WES Capture Kit,and four-digit resolution HLA alleles were imputed from available Genome Wide Association data.The distribution and carrying frequency of HLA alleles in SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS were investigated.Additionally,logistic regression and mediating effects were used to examine the relationship between risk factors for disease process and HLA system.RESULTS Compared with SSNSWR,significantly decreased serum levels of complement 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)at onset were detected in SDNS/FRNS(C3,P<0.001;C4,P=0.018).The average time to remission after sufficient initial steroid treatment in SDNS/FRNS was significantly longer than that in SSNSWR(P=0.0001).Low level of C4 was further identified as an independent risk factor for SDNS/FRNS(P=0.008,odds ratio=0.174,95% confidence interval 0.048-0.630).The HLA-A*11:01 allele was independently associated with SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS(P=0.0012 and P=0.0006,respectively).No significant HLA alleles were detected between SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS.In addition,a mediating effect among HLA-I alleles(HLA-B*15:11,HLA-B*44:03 and HLA-C*07:06),C4 level and SDNS/FRNS was identified.CONCLUSIONS HLA-I alleles provide novel genetic markers for SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS.HLA-I antigens may be involved in steroid dependent or frequent relapse in children with SSNS as mediators of immunoregulation.     

《黄帝内经》五脏相音理论与女性年龄关系的研究

目的:《黄帝内经》中有关于“五脏相音,可以意识”的记载,对针灸取穴则有“病变于音者,取之经”的论述。但这种“五脏相音”理论及技术已失传了两千余年。本研究的目的是利用现代科学技术对女性发音进行检测,探寻《黄帝内经》“五脏相音”理论及技术的科学依据。方法:按《黄帝内经》理论,将健康女性以“五七”年龄为界分为年轻组(<34岁)和年长组(≥34岁)。运用二十五音分析仪对两组女性的发音进行检测结果:健康女性发音随着年龄的增长,更多地偏向于角音;年轻组徵音亦增多,有统计学差异。结论:女性发角音增多的现象,验证了叶天士“女性以肝为先天”的学说。此外,年轻女性发徵音增多,徵音对应于心,提示调理与心相关的手太阳小肠经和手少阴心经可能对年轻女性的健康有所帮助。     

丹皮酚抑制小鼠乳腺癌细胞生长作用及机制的研究

目的:研究丹皮酚抑制小鼠EMT6乳腺癌细胞生长作用及分子机制.方法:建立小鼠乳腺癌移植瘤模型,随机分为4组:阴性对照组、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺25 mg/kg体重)、丹皮酚低剂量组(150 mg/kg体重)、高剂量组(300 mg/kg),每组10只.小鼠EMT6细胞株107个/ml接种后24小时给予不同处理,每日1次,腹腔注射.14天后,检测各组肿瘤重量、计算生长抑制率;HE染色、特异性凋亡TUNEL染色对肿瘤组织形态学进行观察,RT-PCR技术检测肿瘤组织中Bcl-2和Bax的mRNA表达.结果:丹皮酚能明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长,低、高剂量丹皮酚组肿瘤重量明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),肿瘤生长抑制率分别为42.64％和52.33％.丹皮酚治疗组肿瘤细胞形态出现核型不规则、核碎裂及凋亡小体.TUNEL染色测得丹皮酚高剂量组凋亡率达到21.24％,与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P＜0.01);肿瘤组织中Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显减弱,而Bax表达却明显增强.结论:丹皮酚通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制乳腺癌细胞生长,其机制可能与启动线粒体凋亡途径有关.     

试论纳米技术进入中医基础理论研究的可能性

<黄帝内经>中论述了两千多年前听音辨人的理论和技术,即通过辨别人声的二十五种变化,施以不同的饮食调理与经络调理,从而达到治未病的目的.21世纪初,在基于纳米水平的细胞声学研究中,已初步证明细胞是可以发出声音的.细胞病变时,最先产生声音的变化,故有可能通过细胞声音的变化,尽早发现疾病.此发现与<黄帝内经>中听音辨人的理论,在生命研究的不同水平上不谋而合.纳米技术有可能进入中医基础理论研究之中,从而实现中医研究的现代化.     

Analysis of the social and clinical factors affecting the age of children when receiving surgery for hypospadias:a retrospective study of 1611 cases in a single center

We aimed to explore the associations between the age at which children undergo surgery for hypospadias and a range of social and clinical factors in a single ce...