透析液钙离子浓度对肾功能衰竭血液透析患者血清钙离子水平及血压的影响

目的 观察不同钙离子浓度的透析液对血液透析患者透析后血清钙离子水平及血压变化的影响，为肾功能衰竭血液透析患者的高钙血症及高血压的防治提供依据。方法 选择不同钙离子浓度的透析液，将维持性血液透析患者分为高钙组（1．75mmol／L）和低钙组（1．25mmol／L），比较患者每次透析前后脉搏、血压，同时抽查患者透析前后血钙及血肌酐浓度的变化。结果透析后两组患者血肌酐浓度均显著下降，透析前后差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；高钙组患者透析后血钙较透析前升高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而低钙组患者血钙比透析前略降低，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高钙组患者透析后较透析前收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压都升高，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而低钙组患者透析后较透析前收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压都降低，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。透析后两组血钙比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；透析后低钙组较高钙组患者的收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压都降低，三者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论透析液钙离子浓度与血液透析患者血清钙离子水平及血压呈正相关，低钙透析液透析有助于维持性血液透析患者高血压的控制。     

Recent Developments in the Determination of PM2.5 Chemical Composition

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Fine particulate matter (named PM2.5) has become a prominent and dangerous form of air pollution. The chemical composition of PM2.5 mainly...     

加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染

目的: 评价国产加替沙星注射液治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染的有效性与安全性.方法: 采用区组随机、平行对照、多中心研究设计,加替沙星注射液与左氧氟沙星注射液均为200 mg,ivd, q12 h, 疗程5～14 d.结果: 本项试验实际入组49例,其中加替沙星组27例,左氧氟沙星组22例,治疗结果加替沙星与左氧氟沙星组临床有效率分别为96.30%与95.45%,细菌清除率分别为95.24%与100%,不良反应发生率分别为7.41%与4.55%,上述结果均无统计学差异.结论: 加替沙星与左氧氟沙星在治疗临床常见的敏感细菌引起的呼吸道、泌尿道感染均是安全、有效的抗菌药物.     

上海市部分地区散发性戊型肝炎病毒基因型别和发病危险因素研究

目的探讨上海市部分地区急性散发性戊型肝炎（戊肝）病毒（HEV）型别和发病危险因素.方法用巢式RT-PCR方法检测HEV序列,并进行序列的同源性比较分析;同时采取1：2病例对照研究的方法,选取上海市3个区2003-2004年急性散发性确诊戊肝86例住院病例,分别配以本区和其他区健康人群对照组,用单因素和多因素logistlc回归模型进行分析.结果病毒序列分析表明戊肝病例中的HEV病毒序列属于Ⅳ型;单因素分析结果显示居住条件、外出就餐、有海鲜河鲜食用史等均为戊肝发病的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示海鲜（生、炝）食用史（OR=7.048）是戊肝感染 的危险因素.结论上海市部分地区散发性HEV流行株以Ⅳ型病毒株为主,海鲜（生、炝）食用史等是戊肝发病的危险因素.     

CDC42 promotes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is now recognised as a biological process similar to bone formation involving osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a Rac1 family member GTPase, is essential for cartilage development during endochondral bone formation. However, whether CDC42 affects osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification remains unknown. In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the expression of CDC42 both in rat VSMCs and in calcified arteries during vascular calcification. Alizarin red staining and calcium content assay revealed that adenovirus-mediated CDC42 overexpression led to an apparent VSMC calcification in the presence of calcifying medium, accompanied with up-regulation of bone-related molecules including RUNX2 and BMP2. By contrast, inhibition of CDC42 by ML141 significantly blocked calcification of VSMCs in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Moreover, ML141 markedly attenuated vascular calcification in rats with CKD. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT signal was shown to block CDC42-induced VSMC calcification. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CDC42 contributes to vascular calcification through a mechanism involving AKT signalling; this uncovered a new function of CDC42 in regulating vascular calcification. This may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular calcification in the context of CKD. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MiR-876-5p acts as an inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting DNMT3A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the biggest challenges that human beings faced with in 21st century. Previous researches have revealed that miRNAs can serve as regulators in various cancers. MiR-876-5p, a member of miRNA family, has been studied in lung cancer for its anti-oncogenic function. However, the exact function of it is not reported in HCC. Our study aims to find out the effects of miR-876-5p expression on HCC progression. Two HCC cells were chosen to do functional assays after miR-876-5p expression was detected in cell lines by qRT-PCR. HepG2 cell was transfected with miR-876-5p mimics, whereas LM3 cell was transfected with miR-876-5p inhibitors. Next, cell activities of these two indicated cells were analyzed by means of MTT assay, colony forming assay, transwell migration assay and western blot analysis. Consequently, we found that miR-876-5p could inhibit both cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, we found out a target gene (DNMT3A) of miR-876-5p by performing bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-avidin pull-down assay. Finally, rescue assays were carried out in HepG2 cells. We found that DNMT3A could reverse miR-876-5p mimics-induced inhibition. Therefore, we concluded that miR-876-5p suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting DNMT3A.     

红细胞压积对全血C-反应蛋白检测结果的影响

探讨红细胞压积（Hct）对全血C-反应蛋白（CRP）检测结果的影响,并提出校正措施。通过检测177例住院患者的Hct、全血CRP和血浆CRP,以血浆CRP结果为标准,计算全血CRP检测系统的最佳理论红细胞压积范围及其检测结果的校正公式,并验证校正公式。我科室全血CRP检测系统的最佳理论红细胞压积范围为（43.7±8.6）%,校正公式：全血CRP（校正后）=全血CRP（校正前）×0.563/（1-实际红细胞压积）,具有校正意义。全血CRP经校正后与血浆CRP在不同Xc处的SE%均小于1/2TEa;将患者诊断为炎症和非炎症时,正常Hct组和低Hct组校正前后全血CRP与血浆CRP临床诊断一致性好（Kappa≥0.75）,而对炎症严重程度分级后2组与血浆CRP临床诊断一致性均一般（0.4≤Kappa＜0.75）。全血CRP检测仅适用于婴幼儿、贫血患者等门急诊标本的初筛检测需求,不能作为一种常规的检测方法,且实验室应根据不同的检测系统计算出各自的最佳理论红细胞范围及其校正公式,当患者标本Hct超出最佳范围时,需校正处理后方可报告临床。     

益生菌制剂对钙缺乏骨质疏松症的防治作用

目的运用饲喂低钙饲料的方法建立大鼠骨质疏松模型,结合骨密度、骨矿含量及uc OC/c OC等指标,探讨含VK2(MK-7)的益生菌粉、VD2及Ga的复配产品对防治骨质疏松的作用。方法 220 g~250 g雌性SD大鼠分为正常饲喂对照组、低钙饲料饲喂组、低剂量复配产品治疗组、高剂量复配产品治疗组,每组8只大鼠,试验进行前及试验结束后对每组大鼠进行DEXA测定,并对试验结束后每组大鼠的uc OC/c OC等血液指标进行测定。结果相对于正常对照组,低钙饲料饲喂组大鼠骨密度及骨矿含量值显著降低(P0.05)。灌胃复配产品高低剂量组大鼠骨密度及骨矿含量与低钙饲喂组相比显著提高(P005),且uc OC/c OC值显著降低(P0.05)。结论 VK2(MK-7)的益生菌粉、VD2的益生菌粉及Ga的复配产品具有防治骨质疏松的作用。