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1.
Previously, we prepared two different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human 4-1BB (CD137): an agonistic mAb BBK-1 and an antagonistic mAb BBK-2. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning of these two mAbs and present comparisons of their amino acid sequences. cDNAs encoding the heavy (H) and light (L) chains of the two mAbs were cloned by screening of cDNA libraries constructed from hybridomas secreting these mAbs. Comparisons of amino acid sequences of the two mAbs showed that, while the constant regions of the H and L chains were identical between the two mAbs, the variable region showed 45% identity in H chains and 48% identity in L chains. This suggests that these two mAbs recognize different epitopes of 4-1BB and may have different effects on the activity of 4-1BB. 相似文献
2.
Won-Gun Koh Alexander Revzin Aleksandr Simonian Tony Reeves Michael Pishko 《Biomedical microdevices》2003,5(1):11-19
A simple method for controlling the spatial positioning of mammalian cells and bacteria on substrates using patterned poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microstructures is described. These microstructures were fabricated using photolithography on silicon, glass or poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces modified with a 3-(trichlorosilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) monolayer. During the photogelation reaction, the resulting hydrogel microstructures were covalently bound to the substrate via the TPM monolayer and did not detached from the substrate upon hydration. For mammalian cell patterning, microwell arrays of different dimensions were fabricated. These microwells were composed of hydrophilic PEG hydrogel walls surrounding hydrophobic TPM floors inside the microwells. Murine 3T3 fibroblasts and transformed hepatocytes were shown to selectively adhere to the TPM monolayer inside the microwells, maintaining their viability, while adherent cells were not present on the hydrogel walls. The number of cells inside one microwell could be controled by changing the lateral dimension of the microwells, thus allowing only a single cell per microwell if desired. In the case of 30×30 m microwells, as many as 400 microwells were fabricated in 1 mm2. In addition, PEG hydrogel microstructures were also shown to effectively resist the adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli. 相似文献
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The application of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology to fabricate a retrofit ceramic surveyed crown to an existing partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) is described. The fabrication of a surveyed crown by using CAD/CAM technology enables precise and easy replication of the shape and contours as well as the rest seat of the existing abutment tooth, ensuring excellent adaptation to the existing PRDP framework with minimal adjustment. 相似文献
6.
The novel HLA-B*5813 allele was identified in the cord blood of a Korean baby by sequence-based typing. This allele shows a sequence identical to that of HLA-B*5801, except for a nucleotide substitution that changes GAG to AAG at codon 128, resulting in an amino acid change from glutamic acid to lysine in the protein. 相似文献
7.
Duck Soo Lim Tae Hyun Roh Min Kook Kim Yong Chan Kwon Seul Min Choi Seung Jun Kwack 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A》2018,81(12):465-480
N-nitrosamines and their precursors found in cosmetics may be carcinogenic in humans. Thus the aim of this study was to carry out risk assessment for N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodiethanolamine [NDELA], N-nitrosodiethylamine [NDEA]) and amines (triethanolamine [TEA], diethanolamine [DEA]) levels in cosmetics determined using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) procedures. NDELA and NDEA concentrations were present at levels of “not detected” (N.D.) to 596.5 μg/kg and N.D. to 40.9 μg/kg, respectively. TEA and DEA concentrations ranged from N.D. to 860 μg/kg and N.D. to 26.22 μg/kg, respectively. The nitrite concentration (3–2250 mg/l), number of nitrosating agents to a maximum 5, and pH (3.93–10.09) were also assessed. The impact of N-nitrosamine formation on the levels of TEA, DEA, nitrite, and other nitrosating agents was also examined. N-nitrosamine concentrations correlated with the number of nitrosating agents and nitrite concentrations. Data demonstrated that higher nitrite concentrations and a greater number of nitrosating agents increased NDELA and NDEA yields. Further, the presence of TEA and DEA exerted a significant influence on N-nitrosamine formation. Risk assessments, including the margin of exposure (MOE) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for N-nitrosamines and margin of safety (MOS) for amines, were calculated using product type, use pattern, and concentrations. Exposure to maximum amounts of NDELA and NDEA resulted in MOE > 10,000 (based upon the benchmark dose lower confidence limit 10%) and LCR <1 × 10?5, respectively. In addition, TEA and DEA concentrations in cosmetic samples resulted in MOS values >100. Therefore, no apparent safety concerns were associated with cosmetic products containing NDELA, NDEA, TEA, and DEA in this study. However, since amines and nitrosating agents produce carcinogenic nitrosamines, their use in cosmetics needs to be minimized to levels as low as technically feasible. 相似文献
8.
Seung Jun Kwack Dae Young Kim Yeon Joo Kim Tae Hyun Roh Seul Min Choi Duck Soo Lim 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A》2014,77(22-24):1491-1501
In order to investigate the potential application of blood biomarkers as surrogate indicators of carcinogen–adduct formation in target-specific tissues, temporal formation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-associated DNA adducts, protein adducts, or lipid damage in target tissues such as lung, liver, and kidney was compared with globin adduct formation or plasma lipid damage in blood after continuous intraperitoneal (ip) injection of [3H]BaP into female ICR mice for 7 d. Following treatment with [3H]BaP, formation of [3H]BaP–DNA or –protein adducts in lung, liver, and kidney increased linearly, and persisted thereafter. This finding was similar to the observed effects on globin adduct formation and plasma lipid damage in blood. The lungs contained a higher level of DNA adducts than liver or kidneys during the treatment period. Further, the rate of cumulative adduct formation in lung was markedly greater than that in liver. Treatment with a single dose of [3H]BaP indicated that BaP–globin adduct formation and BaP–lipid damage in blood reached a peak 48 h after treatment. Overall, globin adduct formation and lipid damage in blood were significantly correlated with DNA adduct formation in the target tissues. These data suggest that peripheral blood biomarkers, such as BaP–globin adduct formation or BaP–lipid damage, may be useful for prediction of target tissue-specific DNA adduct formation, and for risk assessment after exposure. 相似文献
9.
Duck Soo Lim Yoo Seok Youn Seung Jun Kwack Hyo Min Kwak Seong Kwang Lim Ji Yun Kim 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A》2014,77(22-24):1451-1466
Bepotastine salts (nicotinate and salicylate) were investigated for their physicochemical properties to develop novel salt forms of bepotastine, bioequivalent to the bepotastine besilate-loaded tablet (Talion). These bepotastine salts of either nicotinate- or salicylate-loaded tablets were prepared by conventional wet granulation method, and dissolution profiles and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs were compared to those of Talion. A novel bepotastine nicotinate has a higher solubility at varying pH levels (1.2, 4, or 6.8) than salicylate-loaded or besilate-loaded salt. In addition, those bepostastine salt forms (nicotinate and salicylate) are stable in heat, light, and water. Further, the novel nicotinate- and salicylate-loaded tablets showed similar dissolution rates to Talion in several selected dissolution media and were bioequivalent to Talion in beagle dogs in terms of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax). A pharmacokinetic study performed in beagle dogs demonstrated that test and reference products were found to be bioequivalent in terms of safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties. These results suggest that bepostastine nicotinate and salicylate formulations are considered applicable candidates and are well tolerated versus the conventional bepostastine besilate formulation. 相似文献
10.
Mee Sook Jun Mi Hee Kwack Moon Kyu Kim Jung Chul Kim Young Kwan Sung 《ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY》2020,32(5):388
BackgroundParticulate matters (PM) comprise a heterogeneous mixture of particles suspended in air. A recent study found that urban PMs may penetrate into hair follicles via transfollicular and transdermal routes in dorsal skin.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of PM on ex vivo cultured human scalp hair follicles and hair follicular keratinocytes in vitro.MethodsTUNEL staining was employed to check cells undergoing apoptosis in cultured hair follicles after PM treatment. MTT assay was employed to check cell viability after PM treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was employed to quantitate the expression of inflammatory genes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and Duox1. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA after PM treatment. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using a chemical fluorescent probe by a fluorescence plate reader.ResultsAbundant TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the keratinocyte region of hair including the epidermis, sebaceous gland, outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath (IRS), and bulb region. The viability of follicular cells, including the ORS, was found to be decreased upon PM exposure. mRNA expression and protein levels of inflammatory response genes and MMPs were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner by PM treatment. ROS levels were also increased by PM.ConclusionThese data strongly suggest that penetrated PMs from air pollution may cause apoptotic cell death to follicular keratinocytes by increased production of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, which could impair hair growth. 相似文献