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排序方式: 共有1803条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Raymond J. Chan RN PhD Vivienne E. Milch MBBS MHPol Fiona Crawford-Williams PhD Oluwaseyifunmi Andi Agbejule BRadTherapy Ria Joseph MNutrDiet Jolyn Johal BND Narayanee Dick BSc Matthew P. Wallen PhD Julie Ratcliffe PhD Anupriya Agarwal MBBS Larissa Nekhlyudov MD Matthew Tieu PhD Manaf Al-Momani BPharm Scott Turnbull PhD Rahul Sathiaraj MPH Dorothy Keefe MBBS MD Nicolas H. Hart PhD 《CA: a cancer journal for clinicians》2023,73(6):565-589
Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty-four reviews were quantitative or mixed-methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost-effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost-effectiveness of navigation in screening programs. 相似文献
2.
Christopher Del Mar FRACGP FAFPHM Vivienne O'Connor FRACOG 《The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology》1994,34(1):35-38
Summary: We questioned 229 general practitioners (GPs), 288 women who had recently delivered babies in public hospitals, 26 public hospital doctors, and 33 midwives in South Brisbane. Shared antenatal care was undertaken by 84% of mothers, and recently provided by 88% GPs. Mothers valued having sufficient time with their antenatal clinician, continuity of care, and short waiting and travel times. They preferred a GP to provide antenatal care, and a hospital midwife to deliver them. GPs were interested in providing even more obstetric care - one third in providing intrapartum care - and in gaining continuing education in obstetrics. Hospital doctors and midwives were supportive of women choosing the personnel to deliver them, and of an increased GP and midwife role in public hospital obstetrics, but unenthusiastic about home deliveries. There is widespread support for an increased role for GPs in public obstetrics. 相似文献
3.
Extended duration of herpes simplex virus DNA in genital lesions detected by the polymerase chain reaction. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
R W Cone A C Hobson J Palmer M Remington L Corey 《The Journal of infectious diseases》1991,164(4):757-760
To evaluate the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for documenting herpes simplex virus (HSV) in persons with reactivated genital lesions viral isolation was compared with a recently developed PCR method. Three women experiencing four episodes of recurrent genital herpes were followed for 10 days per episode with daily examination and duplicate swabs of the lesions, one for HSV culture and one for PCR. HSV type 2 was cultured from three of four episodes and the mean duration of viral isolation from recurrent genital lesions was 2.6 days. PCR detected HSV DNA from lesion swabs during all four episodes, and HSV DNA was positive for an average of 6.8 days. HSV DNA was demonstrated in ulcerative lesions on 15 of 17 days versus 3 of 17 days by viral isolation (P less than .01). HSV PCR became negative when the lesions reepithelialized. These data suggest that PCR is a more sensitive measure of HSV infection than routine viral culture and that PCR detects the presence of HSV at times when culture is negative. 相似文献
4.
A. T. Fisk M. Holst K. A. Hobson J. Duffe J. Moisey R. J. Norstrom 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2002,42(1):118-126
To examine the influence of diet and age on organochlorine contaminant (OC) concentrations in two closely related ringed seal
(Phoca hispida) populations enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral contaminants and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) were measured along with OCs in ringed seals collected from the east and west side of the Northwater Polynya. Seals from
these two locations were feeding at the same trophic level based on δ15N values in muscle but had slightly different sources of carbon based on δ13C measurements in muscle. After removing the influence of age, sex, and blubber thickness, OC concentrations did not vary
between ringed seals from the east and west side of the polynya. ΣPCB, ΣDDT, and Σchlordane were found to increase with age
for both male and female seals. The inclusion of older (>20 years) female seals, which may have a reduced reproductive effort,
may influence the relationships in females. Stable isotopes failed to describe OC concentrations in ringed seals suggesting
that diet was not a major factor in variation of OC concentrations within this ringed seal population. Cis- and trans-chlordane, oxychlordane, and heptachlor epoxide were all nonracemic in the ringed seal blubber but did not vary with age,
sex, or collection site. α-HCH appeared racemic (enantiomeric fraction = 0.50 ± 0.01) in the seals, although this EF is different
than those previously observed in their prey species, and was found to vary significantly with age. EF values in the ringed
seals varied considerably from other Arctic marine mammals and seabirds, providing addition evidence that the type(s) and
characteristic(s) of the enzymes involved in biotransformation of chiral OCs vary between these organisms.
Received: 11 April 2001/Accepted: 27 June 2001 相似文献
5.
Place of transmetatarsal amputations: a 5-year experience and review of the literature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M I Hobson P A Stonebridge A E Clason 《Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh》1990,35(2):113-115
A series of 30 patients who underwent transmetatarsal amputation over a 5-year period was analysed. The indications for amputation were gangrene, rest pain and ulceration. The mean age was 75 years and the male to female ratio was 3:2. A higher level of amputation was required in 50% of patients. Of a series of factors analysed for their influence upon outcome (age, diabetes, peripheral pulse status, pre-existing infection, smoking habits, previous digital amputation, prior sympathectomy and/or vascular reconstruction), none had any predictive value in terms of wound healing. 相似文献
6.
Green Steven; Fishel Simon; Hall Jenny; Hunter Alison; Fleming Steven; Hobson Geoffrey; Roe Heather; Dowell Ken; Thornton Simon; Klentzeris Lucas 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(6):1430-1434
Utilizing real-time computer image analysis, individual spermatozoawere selected using microaspiration. Selection criteria werebased on potential hyperactivation motility characteristics;the amplitude of lateral head displacement >7.5 µm,curvilinear velocity >70 µm/s and linearity of <30%.For this pilot study, 16 patients (eight in each group) wererecruited. Using subzonal insemination (SUZI), up to five (mean= 4.4 ± 0.3) spermatozoa selected using computer-imagesperm selection (CISS) were microinjected, or up to 15 (mean= 12.8 ± 1.3 SD) unselected spermatozoa. In the groupwhich utilized CISS, 28 out of 49 (57%) oocytes were fertilizedcompared with 13 out of 52 (25%) utilizing conventional SUZI(P < 0.04); polyspermy was 20% (n = 10) and 2% (n = 1) respectively.CISS with SUZI showed increased efficiency in achieving fertilizationand is a novel approach to studying individual sperm functionin a sperm egg bioassay where gamete ratios are close to unity. 相似文献
7.
Effects of cigarette smoke dose and time after smoke exposure on uptake of asbestos fibers by rat tracheal epithelial cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A Churg J Hobson J Wright 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》1990,3(3):265-269
We have previously shown that exposure of excised rat tracheal segments to cigarette smoke followed by exposure to a solution of amosite asbestos increases uptake of asbestos fibers compared to exposure to air followed by asbestos. To learn more about the mechanism of smoke-enhanced fiber uptake, we evaluated the effects of amount of smoke and time delay between smoke exposure and asbestos exposure on fiber penetration into the epithelium. To determine whether amount of smoke exposure affected this process, we exposed tracheal segments to 1, 3, or 6 puffs of smoke and subsequently to 5 mg/ml amosite asbestos for 1 h. The segments were then maintained in organ culture for up to 7 d. Asbestos uptake was evaluated by counting fibers in the epithelium by light microscopy. Exposure to increasing numbers of puffs of smoke produced a dose-related increase in fiber uptake at 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after exposure. To determine whether asbestos exposure needed to occur immediately after smoke exposure for enhanced uptake of fibers to occur, we exposed tracheal segments to 6 puffs of smoke and then delayed exposure to asbestos for 0 (immediate exposure), 3, 18, or 48 h. Tracheas were again maintained in organ culture for up to 7 d after asbestos exposure. Delayed exposure to asbestos after 6 puffs of smoke produced an increase in fiber uptake, even with an interval as long as 48 h between smoke and asbestos exposure; however, the absolute magnitude of fiber uptake was less than that seen with immediate postsmoke asbestos exposure. If catalase was added to the asbestos solution, the smoke-enhanced uptake was abolished, no matter what the time delay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
8.
Madsen EL Frank GR Hobson MA Shi H Jiang J Varghese T Hall TJ 《Physics in medicine and biology》2005,50(24):5983-5995
A set of three cubic one-litre phantoms containing spherical simulated lesions was produced for use in comparing lesion detection performance of different elastography systems. The materials employed are known to be stable in heterogeneous configurations regarding geometry and elastic contrast identical with (storage modulus of lesion material) / (storage modulus of background material), and regarding ultrasound and NMR properties. The materials mimic soft tissues in terms of elastic, ultrasound and NMR properties. Each phantom has only one value of elastic contrast (3.3, 4.6 or 5.5) and contains arrays of 1.6 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm diameter spherical simulated lesions. All the spheres of a given diameter are arranged in a regular array with coplanar centres. Elastograms of an array made with ultrasound allow determination of the depth range over which lesions of that diameter and elastic contrast can be detected. Two phantoms are made from agar-plus-gelatin-based materials, and one is made from oil-in-gelatin dispersions. The methods for producing the phantoms are described in detail. Lesion detection performances for two ultrasound systems, both operating at about 7.5 MHz and focused at about 5 cm, were quantified with distinctions between the two systems demonstrated. Neither system was capable of detecting any of the 1.6 mm lesions. Phantoms such as these should be useful in research labs that are refining hardware and/or software for elastography. 相似文献
9.
Evaluation of a quantitative competitive PCR assay for measuring herpes simplex virus DNA content in genital tract secretions. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
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Previous studies have shown an association between the approximate titer of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens and the ability to isolate HSV from genital secretions. To control for variance in amplification conditions, we developed a competitive quantitative PCR (QC PCR) for the detection of HSV DNA. The assay accurately measured from 10 to 10(6) copies of HSV DNA. We compared the QC PCR with our previous semiquantitative detection method and found concordance for 61 of 63 positive specimens. We also evaluated the HSV DNA content from individual swabs of genital secretions obtained from individual sites of the genital tract (cervix, vulva, and rectum) with that from one swab with secretions from all three sites. The concordance for detecting HSV DNA was 91%; for only 4 of 143 collection days was there a > 1 log difference between the two collection methods. A single swab with secretions from all three genital sites and evaluated in a QC PCR format can accurately measure the frequency of subclinical and clinical shedding of HSV and the titer of HSV shed from the genital region. Such an approach should be very useful in the evaluation of antiviral chemotherapy for HSV. 相似文献
10.