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排序方式: 共有183条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Prevalence, morbidity and service need among South Asian and white adults with intellectual disability in Leicestershire, UK 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. W. McGrother S. Bhaumik C. F. Thorp J. M. Watson & N. A. Taub 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》2002,46(4):299-309
Background Previous reports have suggested that South Asian and white UK populations have different prevalences of intellectual disability (ID), related psychological morbidity and service use. The aim of the present study was to compare these rates among South Asian and white adults in Leicestershire, UK. Method This cross‐sectional study is comprised of two parts. The analysis of prevalence is based on data from all South Asian and white adults known to the Leicestershire Learning Disabilities Register in 1991, with population denominators being drawn from the 1991 census. The other analyses use data collected from the most recent semi‐structured home interviews, carried out between 1987 and 1998, with 206 South Asian and 2334 white adults. Results The prevalence of ID in adults in Leicestershire is 3.20 per 1000 in South Asians and 3.62 per 1000 in whites. Among adults with ID, South Asians have similar prevalences of disabilities to whites and significantly lower skill levels. South Asians show similar levels of psychological morbidity, but make significantly lower use than whites of psychiatric services, residential care and respite care. South Asians use community services as extensively as whites, but feel that they have a substantially greater unmet need, especially with regard to social services. Conclusion South Asian and white populations have similar prevalences of ID and related psychological morbidity. Culturally appropriate services for South Asian adults may need to focus on skill development and community care. 相似文献
2.
Physical aggression towards others in adults with learning disabilities: prevalence and associated factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Tyrer C. W. McGrother C. F. Thorp M. Donaldson S. Bhaumik J. M. Watson & C. Hollin 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》2006,50(4):295-304
Background Many people with learning disabilities (LD) show aggressive behaviour, but the extent of the problem and its associated factors and effects are unclear. Methods A cross‐sectional analysis was carried out using interview data from 3065 adults with LD on the Leicestershire LD Register. Physical aggression towards others was defined as carers reporting frequent (more than three times per week) and/or severe episodes. Individuals with and without aggression were compared using multiple logistic regression models for potential physical and psychological factors. Results Carers reported that 443 (14%) of adults were physically aggressive towards others. Men (P = 0.001), younger individuals (P < 0.001), people with more severe LD (P < 0.001) and those in institutional settings (P < 0.001) had a significantly higher prevalence of physical aggression. People with Down syndrome had a lower prevalence of physical aggression (P < 0.001). After adjustment, we found no relationship between aggression and the presence of epilepsy or autism. Among psychological factors, symptoms of frustration (P < 0.001) and mood swings (P < 0.001) were associated with higher levels of aggression. Failure to cope among carers was reported by 14% overall: 42% of people caring for adults with aggression said they were unable to cope compared with 10% of those caring for adults without aggression. Conclusions Physical aggression towards other people presents a significant challenge to carers of adults with LD. Further research is needed to identify aetiological factors with a view to finding effective interventions to reduce, and improve management of, this behaviour. 相似文献
3.
Suhrid Maiti Debaki Ranjan Howlader Prolay Halder Ushasi Bhaumik Moumita Dutta Shanta Dutta Hemanta Koley 《Vaccine》2021,39(2):380-393
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovars, especially Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance in iNTS, a broad-spectrum vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention of iNTS infection. Currently, there is no effective licensed vaccine against iNTS available in the market. We have formulated an outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) based bivalent immunogen as a vaccine candidate to generate broad-spectrum protective immunity against both recently circulating prevalent ST and SE. We have isolated OMVs from ST and SE and formulated the immunogen by mixing both OMVs (1:1 ratio). Three doses of bivalent immunogen significantly induced humoral immune responses against lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as well as a cell-mediated immune response in adult mice. We also observed that proteins of OMVs act as an adjuvant for generation of high levels of anti-LPS antibodies through T cell activation. We then characterized the one-day old suckling mice model for both ST and SE mediated gastroenteritis and used the model for a passive protection study. In the passive protection study, we found the passive transfer of bivalent OMVs immunized sera significantly reduced ST and SE mediated colonization and gastroenteritis symptoms in the colon of suckling mice compared to non-immunized sera recipients. The overall study demonstrated that OMVs based bivalent vaccine could generate broad-spectrum immunity against prevalent iNTS mediated gastroenteritis. This study also established the suckling mice model as a suitable animal model for vaccine study against iNTS mediated gastroenteritis. 相似文献
4.
Bilateral striatal necrosis in children without damage elsewhere in the brain can present as an acute neurological disorder
or as a progressive disorder. Three children of 6, 7 and 12 years age developed dystonic posture of limbs without any cranial
nerve involvement or alteration of sensorium soon after recovery from acute high grade febrile illness of 3–4 days duration.
Computerized tomographic scan of head showed bilateral necrosis of basal ganglia. We think that these patients probably constitute
a clinically and radiologically distinct subgroup of disorder that prouce bilateral striatal necrosis in children. The cause
of the syndrome is unknown. 相似文献
5.
Bhaumik S 《Current pharmaceutical biotechnology》2011,12(4):497-507
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is one of the promising alternatives to conventional chemotherapy. Suicide gene therapy based anticancer strategy involves selective introduction of a foreign gene into tumor cells to produce a foreign enzyme that can activate an inert prodrug to its cytotoxic form and cause tumor cell death. In this review, we present three most promising suicide gene/prodrug combinations (1) herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) with ganciclovir (GCV), (2) cytosine deaminase (CD) from bacteria or yeast with 5-fluorocytodine (5-FC) and (3) bacterial nitroreductase (NTR) with 5-(azaridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB1954) and discuss how molecular imaging may improve therapy strategies. Current advances in noninvasive imaging technologies can measure vector dose, tumor selectivity, transgene expression and biodistribution of therapeutic gene with the aid of reporter genes and imageable probes from live animal. In this review we will discuss various imaging modalities - Optical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and highlight some of the approaches that can advance prodrug cancer therapy from bench to clinic. 相似文献
6.
7.
Kush Kapur Runa Bhaumik X. Charlene Tang Kwan Hur Domenic J. Reda Dulal K. Bhaumik 《Statistics in medicine》2014,33(22):3781-3800
In this article, we develop appropriate statistical methods for determining the required sample size while comparing the efficacy of an intervention to a control with repeated binary response outcomes. Our proposed methodology incorporates the complexity of the hierarchical nature of underlying designs and provides solutions when varying attrition rates are present over time. We explore how the between‐subject variability and attrition rates jointly influence the computation of sample size formula. Our procedure also shows how efficient estimation methods play a crucial role in power analysis. A practical guideline is provided when information regarding individual variance component is unavailable. The validity of our methods is established by extensive simulation studies. Results are illustrated with the help of two randomized clinical trials in the areas of contraception and insomnia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Rushikesh Potdar Benjamin A Gartrell Robert Given Lawrence Karsh Jeffrey Frankel Karen Nenno Kris OMalleyLeFebvre Amitabha Bhaumik Sharon McCarthy Tracy McGowan Christopher Pieczonka 《American journal of cancer research》2022,12(1):445
Apalutamide, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), is approved for treatment of patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, based on the data from the phase 3 SPARTAN and TITAN studies respectively. Apalutamide is an inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein, which are involved in the metabolism of oral anticoagulants (OACs) and may thus have potential drug-drug interactions when co-administered with OACs. Concomitant use of certain OACs such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, dabigatran, and warfarin was allowed in the SPARTAN and TITAN studies. A post-hoc analysis was conducted to evaluate the incidence of treatment-emergent thrombotic and embolic adverse events (AEs) in patients receiving concomitant OACs with apalutamide + ADT or placebo + ADT in both the studies. Anticoagulants were identified by WHO Drug Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical level 4 classifications. Thrombotic and embolic AEs were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Version 22.1. Data were analyzed from patients receiving concurrent OACs among all treated patients in SPARTAN (apalutamide + ADT: 95/803 [11.8%]; placebo + ADT: 48/398 [12.1%]) and TITAN (apalutamide + ADT: 31/524 [5.9%]; placebo + ADT: 28/527 [5.3%]). No consequential differences were observed in the occurrence of thrombotic and embolic events between apalutamide + ADT and placebo + ADT groups receiving concomitant OACs in SPARTAN (11.6% vs 12.5%) or TITAN (19.4% vs 21.4%). Grade 3/4 thrombotic and embolic AEs observed in patients receiving concomitant OACs with apalutamide + ADT or placebo + ADT were 6 (6.3%) vs 5 (10.4%) in SPARTAN and 3 (9.7%) vs 1 (3.6%) in TITAN. This analysis suggests that when necessary, concomitant OACs can be used with apalutamide with appropriate monitoring. 相似文献
9.
Arsenic induced changes in growth development and apoptosis in neonatal and adult brain cells in vivo and in tissue culture 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Arsenic at a nonlethal level in drinking water consumed over a period of time has been reported to produce chronic toxicity and various types of health problems ranging from skin cancer to disturbance in memory. Neurotoxic effects have been reported in clinical cases with chronic exposure to arsenic. Physiological detoxication of arsenic occurs partially through methylation. Arsenic and its methylated derivatives are distributed in different organs and systems. The present study examined the possible interference in the neuronal development and differentiation due to the exposure to arsenic during gestation. The experiments were carried out to examine short and long term effects of arsenic on brain explants and cells grown and maintained in tissue culture system. The effects of arsenic exposure showed changes in brain cell membrane function indicated by generation and release of reactive oxygen-nitrogen intermediates. On the morphological aspect the explants' growth was reduced, ground matrix was lost and neural networking was inhibited. Cells showed signs of apoptotic changes. Arsenic toxicity may induce damage to brain cells prior to more visible clinical conditions. The deleterious effects also pass from the maternal to fetal tissue across the transplacental barrier. 相似文献
10.